Dataset Information

Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) are self-report measures of major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. The primary aim of this study was to test for differential item functioning (DIF) on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items based on age, sex (males and females), and country.

Method

Data from nationally representative surveys in UK, Ireland, Spain, and Italy (combined N = 6,054) were used to fit confirmatory factor analytic and multiple-indictor multiple-causes models.

Results

Spain and Italy had higher latent variable means than the UK and Ireland for both anxiety and depression, but there was no evidence for differential items functioning.

Conclusions

The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found to be unidimensional, reliable, and largely free of DIF in data from four large nationally representative samples of the general population in the UK, Ireland, Italy and Spain.

SUBMITTER: Shevlin M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8886334 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Shevlin Mark M Butter Sarah S McBride Orla O Murphy Jamie J Gibson-Miller Jilly J Hartman Todd K TK Levita Liat L Mason Liam L Martinez Anton P AP McKay Ryan R Stocks Thomas Va TV Bennett Kate M KM Hyland Philip P Vallieres Frédérique F Valiente Carmen C Vazquez Carmelo C Contreras Alba A Peinado Vanesa V Trucharte Almudena A Bertamini Marco M Panzeri Anna A Bruno Giovanni G Granziol Umberto U Mignemi Giuseppe G Spoto Andrea A Vidotto Giulio G Bentall Richard P RP

BMC psychiatry 20220301 1

<h4>Background</h4>The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) are self-report measures of major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. The primary aim of this study was to test for differential item functioning (DIF) on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items based on age, sex (males and females), and country.<h4>Method</h4>Data from nationally representative surveys in UK, Ireland, Spain, and Italy (combined N = 6,054) were used to fit confirmatory ...[more]

PMID: 35232409

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Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anxiety and depression on clinician decision-making in patients suffering from chronic eye disease in ophthalmological clinical practice.Design and settingThis multicentre observational study, in collaboration with the WHO, included ophthalmologists and their patients affected by chronic eye disease. States of anxiety and depression were screened with specific questionnaires, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), self-administered by patients before the visit. In the present analysis, we report data from three major eye care centres in Italy between 2021 and 2022.Primary and secondary outcomesTo assess self-reported changes in ophthalmologists' clinical approach (communication style and their clinical-therapeutic strategies) and decisions after knowing questionnaire scores (primary aim), and to analyse the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores in patients with chronic eye diseases (secondary aim).Results41 ophthalmologists and 359 patients were included. The results from PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores showed critical depression and anxiety status scores (PHQ-9 ≥5 and GAD-7 ≥10) in 258 patients. In 74% of cases, no actions were taken by the ophthalmologists based on these scores; in 26% of cases, they changed their clinical approach; and in 14% of cases, they referred the patients for psychological/psychiatric evaluation.ConclusionsStates of anxiety and depression affect many patients with chronic eye conditions and need to be detected and managed early to improve patients' well-being. Providing ophthalmologists with knowledge of their patients' psychological conditions can change the clinical management and attitude towards referral for a psychological evaluation. Further studies are needed to expand our knowledge of how to raise awareness among ophthalmologists regarding multimorbidity of patients suffering from chronic eye diseases in order to achieve better clinical outcomes.

Dataset Information

Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background

Method

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Similar Datasets

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