Blood copper and risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT: Observational evidence links higher blood levels of copper with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether those associations reflect causal links or can be attributed to confounding is still not fully clear. We investigated causal effects of copper on the risk of cardiometabolic endpoints (stroke, coronary artery disease [CAD] and type 2 diabetes) and cardiometabolic risk factors in two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. The selection of genetic instruments for blood copper levels relied on meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in three independent studies (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study, Prospective investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study, Queensland Institute of Medical Research studies). Fo

SUBMITTER: Jager S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8895748 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature