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Mechanism of the trivalent lanthanides' persistent luminescence in wide bandgap materials.

ABSTRACT: The trivalent lanthanides have been broadly utilized as emitting centers in persistent luminescence (PersL) materials due to their wide emitting spectral range, which thus attract considerable attention over decades. However, the origin of the trivalent lanthanides' PersL is still an open question, hindering the development of excellent PersL phosphors and their broad applications. Here, the PersL of 12 kinds of the trivalent lanthanides with the exception of La³⁺, Lu³⁺, and Pm³⁺ is reported, and a mechanism of the PersL of the trivalent lanthanides in wide bandgap hosts is proposed. According to the mechanism, the excitons in wide bandgap materials transfer their recombination energy to the trivalent lanthanides that bind the excitons, followed by the generation of PersL. During the PersL process, the trivalent lanthanides as isoelectronic traps bind excitons, and the binding ability is not only related to the inherent arrangement of the 4f electrons of the trivalent lanthanides, but also to the extrinsic ligand field including anion coordination and cation substitution. Our work is believed to be a guidance for designing high-performance PersL phosphors.

SUBMITTER: Li L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8901650 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mechanism of the trivalent lanthanides' persistent luminescence in wide bandgap materials.

Li Leipeng L Li Tianyi T Hu Yue Y Cai Chongyang C Li Yunqian Y Zhang Xuefeng X Liang Baolai B Yang Yanmin Y Qiu Jianrong J

Light, science & applications 20220308 1

The trivalent lanthanides have been broadly utilized as emitting centers in persistent luminescence (PersL) materials due to their wide emitting spectral range, which thus attract considerable attention over decades. However, the origin of the trivalent lanthanides' PersL is still an open question, hindering the development of excellent PersL phosphors and their broad applications. Here, the PersL of 12 kinds of the trivalent lanthanides with the exception of La<sup>3+</sup>, Lu<sup>3+</sup>, an ...[more]

PMID: 35256588

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Project description:Separation of lanthanides (Ln) from actinides (An) is unanimously challenging in reprocessing used nuclear fuel despite of much dedicated efforts over the past several decades. The TALSPEAK process is the current reference method in the United States for Ln3+/An3+ separation but suffers from several limitations, such as a narrow working pH window (3.5-4.0), costly pH buffers, and slow extraction kinetics. Studies aiming at improving TALSPEAK have so far focused on polyaminocarboxylates hold-back reagents. Here, a new class of water-soluble ligands comprising hydroxypyridinone metal-binding units are evaluated for Ln3+/An3+ separation. The model octadentate chelator 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (abbreviated as HOPO) was used in combination with several industry-relevant organic extractants to separate Gd from four transplutonium elements (Am, Cm, Bk, and Cf). Cyanex 301 GN and HDEHP worked best in combination with HOPO, whereas HEH[EHP], Cyanex 572, and ACORGA M5640 did not yield practical Ln3+/An3+ separation. Separation factors between Gd3+ and Am3+ reach about 50 with the HOPO/Cyanex 301 GN system and 30 with the HOPO/HDEHP system. The results using HDEHP (SFGd/Am = 30, SFGd/Cm = 8.5, and SFGd/Cf = 773) are high enough for industrial applications, and the proposed system works at pH values as low as 1.5, which simplifies the process by eliminating the need for pH buffers. In contrast to previously proposed methods, the HOPO-based process is also highly selective at separating Bk from Ln3+ (SFGd/Bk = 273) owing to in situ, spontaneous oxidation of Bk(III) to Bk(IV) by HOPO. The optimal pH in the case of HOPO/Cyanex 301 GN is 3.6 (SFAm/Gd = 50, SFCm/Gd = 23, SFBk/Gd = 1.4, and SFCf/Gd = 3.2), but this system has the advantage of extracting An ions into the organic phase while keeping Ln ions in the aqueous phase, which is opposite to the conventional TALSPEAK process. This study represents the first optimization of a TALSPEAK-like Ln/An separation method using a HOPO chelator and paves the avenue for further developments of analytical science and reprocessing of used nuclear fuel.

Dataset Information

Mechanism of the trivalent lanthanides' persistent luminescence in wide bandgap materials.

Publications

Mechanism of the trivalent lanthanides' persistent luminescence in wide bandgap materials.

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