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Exploring the Potential of Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine for Maintaining Oral Health.

ABSTRACT: Oral diseases pose a major threat to public health across the globe. Diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, halitosis, and oral cancer affect people of all age groups. Moreover, unhealthy diet practices and the presence of comorbidities aggravate the problem even further. Traditional practices such as the use of miswak for oral hygiene and cloves for toothache have been used for a long time. The present review exhaustively explains the potential of natural products obtained from different sources for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases. Additionally, natural medicine has shown activity in preventing bacterial biofilm resistance and can be one of the major forerunners in the treatment of oral infections. However, in spite of the enormous potential, it is a less explored area due to many setbacks, such as unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Nanotechnology has led to many advances in the dental industry, with various applications ranging from maintenance to restoration. However, can nanotechnology help in enhancing the safety and efficacy of natural products? The present review discusses these issues in detail.

SUBMITTER: Kumar R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8911592 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exploring the Potential of Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine for Maintaining Oral Health.

Kumar Rajeev R Mirza Mohd A MA Naseef Punnoth Poonkuzhi PP Kuruniyan Mohamed Saheer MS Zakir Foziyah F Aggarwal Geeta G Aggarwal Geeta G

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20220307 5

Oral diseases pose a major threat to public health across the globe. Diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, halitosis, and oral cancer affect people of all age groups. Moreover, unhealthy diet practices and the presence of comorbidities aggravate the problem even further. Traditional practices such as the use of miswak for oral hygiene and cloves for toothache have been used for a long time. The present review exhaustively explains the potential of natural products obtained f ...[more]

PMID: 35268826

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Project description:Despite the vast availability of antibiotics, bacterial infections remain a leading cause of death worldwide. In an effort to enhance the armamentarium against resistant bacterial strains, 1,2,3-triazole (5a-x) and sulfonate (7a-j) analogues of natural bioactive precursors were designed and synthesized. Preliminary screening against two Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis) and four Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) was performed to assess the potency of these analogues as antibacterial agents. Among all triazole analogues, 5e (derived from carvacrol) and 5u (derived from 2-hydroxy 1,4-naphthoquinone) bearing carboxylic acid functionality emerged as potent antibacterial agents against S. pneumoniae (IC50: 62.53 and 39.33 μg/mL), E. faecalis (IC50: 36.66 and 61.09 μg/mL), and E. coli (IC50: 15.28 and 22.57 μg/mL). Furthermore, 5e and 5u also demonstrated moderate efficacy against multidrug-resistant E. coli strains and were therefore selected for further biological studies. Compound 5e in combination with ciprofloxacin displayed a synergistic effect on multidrug-resistant E. coli MRA11 and MRC17 strains, whereas compound 5u was selective against E. coli MRA11 strain. Growth kinetic studies on S. pneumoniae and E. coli treated with 5e and 5u showed an extended lag phase. 5e and 5u did not show significant cytotoxicity up to 100 μg/mL concentration on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of bacterial cells (S. pneumoniae and E. coli) exposed to 5e and 5u clearly showed morphological changes and damaged cell walls. Moreover, these compounds also significantly inhibited biofilm formation in S. pneumoniae and E. coli strains, which was visualized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Treatment of larvae of Galleria mellonella (an in vivo model for antimicrobial studies) with 5e and 5u did not cause an alteration in the hemocyte density, thereby indicating lack of an immune response, and were nontoxic up to a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL.

Dataset Information

Exploring the Potential of Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine for Maintaining Oral Health.

Publications

Exploring the Potential of Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine for Maintaining Oral Health.

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