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Effect of five nights of sleep extension on peripheral vascular function: a randomized crossover investigation into long sleep duration.

ABSTRACT: Long sleep duration, defined as ≥9 h, is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We sought to determine the effect of sleep extension on peripheral vascular health. Twelve middle-aged adults were randomly assigned to spend five nights with 8 h (control) or 10+ hours time in bed (TIB) in a crossover fashion. Sleep was assessed using wrist actigraphy. Peak reactive hyperemia in the forearm was measured using venous-occlusion plethysmography as an index of microvascular vasodilation. Nighttime and morning blood pressure was recorded along with pulse wave velocity (arterial stiffness). Average sleep duration was 7.1 ± 0.3 and 9.3 ± 0.3 h for 8 and 10+ hours TIB (P < 0.001), respectfully. On average, sleep was extended by 127 ± 29 min with nine participants reaching average sleep durations >9 h. Extended sleep did not change nighttime or morning blood pressure, or pulse wave velocity (all P > 0.05). In contrast, peak forearm vascular conductance (FVC, 0.27 ± 0.08 vs. 0.23 ± 0.07 ml/100 ml/min/mmHg, P = 0.02) and total excess blood flow (28 ± 9 vs. 24 ± 11 ml/100 ml, P < 0.01) were increased following sleep extension. The change in FVC and total excess blood flow were inversely correlated with the change in wake after sleep onset and TIB (both r = -0.62, P < 0.05), but not with sleep duration. These results demonstrate that extended time in bed accompanied by long sleep durations does not impair peripheral vascular function, but rather, may increase microvasculature vasodilatory capacity in midlife adults.

SUBMITTER: Gonzales JU

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8923941 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of five nights of sleep extension on peripheral vascular function: a randomized crossover investigation into long sleep duration.

Gonzales Joaquin U JU Clark Cayla C Anderson Todd T

Sleep medicine 20220202

Long sleep duration, defined as ≥9 h, is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We sought to determine the effect of sleep extension on peripheral vascular health. Twelve middle-aged adults were randomly assigned to spend five nights with 8 h (control) or 10+ hours time in bed (TIB) in a crossover fashion. Sleep was assessed using wrist actigraphy. Peak reactive hyperemia in the forearm was measured using venous-occlusion plethysmography as an index of microvascular vasodilation. Ni ...[more]

PMID: 35180478

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Project description:ObjectiveAlthough poor sleep is often reported in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prior studies have been correlational. This study investigated whether sleep duration is causally linked to sleepiness, inattention, and behavioral functioning in adolescents with ADHD.MethodA total of 72 adolescents (aged 14-17 years) entered a 3-week sleep protocol using an experimental crossover design. The protocol included a phase stabilization week, followed in randomized counterbalanced order by 1 week of sleep restriction (6.5 hours) and 1 week of sleep extension (9.5 hours). Sleep was monitored with actigraphy and daily sleep diaries, with laboratory visits at the end of each week. Analyses included 48 adolescents who had complete actigraphy data and successfully completed the sleep protocol (defined a priori as obtaining ≥1 hour actigraphy-measured sleep duration during extension compared to restriction). Parent and adolescent ratings of daytime sleepiness, ADHD symptoms, sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), and oppositional behaviors were the primary measures. The A-X Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was a secondary measure.ResultsCompared to the extended sleep week, parents reported more inattentive and oppositional symptoms during the restricted sleep week. Both parents and adolescents reported more SCT symptoms and greater daytime sleepiness during restriction compared to extension. Adolescents reported less hyperactivity-impulsivity during sleep restriction than extension. No effects were found for parent-reported hyperactivity-impulsivity, adolescent-reported ADHD inattention, or CPT performance.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that sleep duration is a causal contributor to daytime behaviors in adolescents with ADHD. Sleep may be an important target for intervention in adolescents with ADHD.Clinical trial registration informationCognitive and Behavioral Effects of Sleep Restriction in Adolescents With ADHD; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02732756.

Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic sleep deprivation is increasing in modern societies with negative health consequences. Recently, an association between short sleep and obesity has been reported.PurposePrimary objectivesTo assess the feasibility of increasing sleep duration to a healthy length (approximately 7(1/2) h) and to determine the effect of sleep extension on body weight.Secondary objectivesTo examine the long-term effects of sleep extension on endocrine (leptin and ghrelin) and immune (cytokines) parameters, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, body composition, psychomotor vigilance, mood, and quality of life.MethodsOne hundred-fifty obese participants who usually sleep less than 6(1/2) h, are being randomized at a 2:1 ratio to either an Intervention or to a Comparison Group. They are stratified by age (above and below 35) and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. During the first 12 months (Efficacy Phase) of the study, participants are evaluated at bi-monthly intervals: the Intervention Group is coached to increase sleep by at least 30-60 min/night, while the Comparison Group maintains baseline sleep duration. In the second (Effectiveness) phase, participants converge into the same group and are asked to increase (Comparison Group) or maintain (Intervention Group) sleep duration and are evaluated at 6-month intervals for an additional 3 years. Non-pharmacological and behavior-based interventions are being utilized to increase sleep duration. Endocrine, metabolic, and psychological effects are monitored. The sleep, energy expenditure, and caloric intake are assessed by activity monitors and food recall questionnaires. At yearly intervals, body composition, abdominal fat, and basal metabolic rate are measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computerized tomography (CT), and indirect calorimetry, respectively.ResultsAs of January 2010, 109 participants had been randomized, 64 to the Intervention Group and 45 to the Comparison Group (76% women, 62% minorities, average age: 40.8 years; BMI: 38.5 kg/m(2)). Average sleep duration at screening was less than 6 h/night, 40.3 h/week. A total of 28 Intervention and 22 Comparison participants had completed the Efficacy Phase.LimitationsThe study is not blinded and the sample size is relatively small.ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept study on a randomized sample will assess whether sleep extension is feasible and whether it influences BMI. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: 274-285. http://ctj.sagepub.com.

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Effect of five nights of sleep extension on peripheral vascular function: a randomized crossover investigation into long sleep duration.

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Effect of five nights of sleep extension on peripheral vascular function: a randomized crossover investigation into long sleep duration.

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