Chlorin e6-Induced Photodynamic Effect Polarizes the Macrophage Into an M1 Phenotype Through Oxidative DNA Damage and Activation of STING.

ABSTRACT: The tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) serves as an immunosuppressive agent in the malignant tumor microenvironment, facilitating the development and metastasis of lung cancer. The photodynamic effect destabilizes cellular homeostasis owing to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the enhanced pro-inflammatory function of immunocytes. In our previous study, the Ce6-mediated photodynamic effect was found to have kept the viability of macrophages and to remodel them into the M1 phenotype. However, the mechanism remains unrevealed. The present study now explores the mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated reprogramming of macrophages. As expected, Ce6-mediated PDT was capable of generating reactive oxygen species, which was continuously degraded, causing "low i

SUBMITTER: Yu TT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8927874 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature