Dataset Information

Burden of Cancer Due to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Korea.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to estimate the burden of cancer in Koreans attributable to smoking and alcohol consumption using disability-adjusted life years and population attributable fractions. We estimated the burden of 12 cancers due to simultaneous and independent smoking and alcohol exposure in Koreans aged ≥40 years. In men, the cancer burden attributable to the combined risk factors, smoking alone, and alcohol consumption alone were 9.5, 14.8, and 6.1%, respectively; the corresponding values for women were 1.1, 2.5, and 2.7%, respectively. In men, tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancers were the most common cancer types. The disease burden may have been reduced by 16.8, 32.3, and 4.1% in the absence of the combined risk factors, smoking alone, and alcohol consumption alone, respectively. Our findings suggest that risk factor-based intervention may have the greatest preventative effect for lung cancer among all cancers in men. Our real-world data methodology could provide further evidence-based methods to explore and facilitate effective health promotion interventions for specific target groups and may lay the foundation for the establishment of healthcare services according to population subgroups or regional characteristics.

SUBMITTER: Jung YS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8950006 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Burden of Cancer Due to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Korea.

Jung Yoon-Sun YS Yoon Seok-Jun SJ

International journal of environmental research and public health 20220315 6

This study aimed to estimate the burden of cancer in Koreans attributable to smoking and alcohol consumption using disability-adjusted life years and population attributable fractions. We estimated the burden of 12 cancers due to simultaneous and independent smoking and alcohol exposure in Koreans aged ≥40 years. In men, the cancer burden attributable to the combined risk factors, smoking alone, and alcohol consumption alone were 9.5, 14.8, and 6.1%, respectively; the corresponding values for wo ...[more]

PMID: 35329179

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Project description:BackgroundClozapine is an effective antipsychotic medication for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Previous studies revealed that smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee consumption altered the metabolism of clozapine. However, causal associations between substance use and clozapine levels were not sufficiently established.MethodsSeveral genome-wide association studies provided genetic tools for six measures of substance use, including age of smoking, cigarettes per day, smoking cessation, smoking initiation, coffee consumption, and alcohol consumption (GWASs). Utilizing the CLOZUK consortium's dataset, their associations with clozapine and its metabolite concentrations were evaluated. All GWAS data were collected from the European population. Mendelian randomization (MR) estimations from each genetic test were combined using inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis in combination with complementing techniques (such as weighted median and MR Egger). We also analyze horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity using various sensitivity analyses.ResultsGenetically predicted higher level of smoking initiation was significantly associated with reduced clozapine (β = -0.14, P = 4.53E-04) concentrations and norclozapine concentrations (β = -0.14, P = 3.33E-04), and increased coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower level of clozapine concentrations (β = -0.42, P = 1.70E-14), norclozapine concentrations (β = -0.27, P = 1.51E-07), and the metabolic ratio of clozapine to norclozapine (β = -0.15, P = 5.35E-07), survived after the Bonferroni correction (P = 0.05/6 = 0.008). In sensitivity analyses, the weighted median and MR Egger methods demonstrated directionally consistent effects. In addition, our sensitive test indicated no significant horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity (P > 0.05). However, other measures of substance use (age of initiation smoking, cigarettes per day, smoking cessation, and drinks per week) were not associated with clozapine metabolism.ConclusionOur investigation revealed a correlation between greater smoking initiation and coffee consumption and reduced blood levels of clozapine and norclozapine. Providing clinicians with guidance on how to adjust clozapine levels for clozapine-treated patients.

Project description:ImportanceThere are limited data about how lifestyle factors are associated with breast cancer prognosis among Black or African American women because most of the evidence is based on studies of White breast cancer survivors.ObjectiveTo examine the association of prediagnostic cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality in a cohort of Black breast cancer survivors.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based cohort study included 1926 Black or African American breast cancer survivors who received a diagnosis from June 6, 2005, to May 21, 2019, identified in 10 counties in New Jersey through rapid case ascertainment by the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 1, 2021, to August 1, 2022.ExposuresInformation on prediagnostic cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and additional covariates was collected during in-person interviews. The covariates examined included smoking status at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (currently smoking at the time of breast cancer diagnosis, formerly smoking, or never smoking), smoking duration (number of years smoking), smoking intensity (cigarettes smoked per day), number of pack-years of smoking, and regular alcohol consumption the year before diagnosis (categorized as nondrinkers, ≤3 drinks per week, or >3 drinks per week).Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes included breast cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality.ResultsAmong the 1926 women in the study, the mean (SD) age at breast cancer diagnosis was 54.4 (10.8) years. During 13 464 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 6.7 years [range, 0.5-16.0 years]), there were 337 deaths, of which 187 (55.5%) were breast cancer related. Compared with never smokers, current smokers at the time of breast cancer diagnosis had a 52% increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15-2.02), which was most pronounced for those with 10 or more pack-years of smoking (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34-2.53). Similar findings were observed for breast cancer-specific mortality (current smokers vs never smokers: HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.87-1.85), although they were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality (>3 drinks per week vs nondrinkers: HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73-1.51) or breast cancer-specific mortality (>3 drinks per week vs nondrinkers: HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.67-1.67).Conclusions and relevanceThis population-based cohort study of Black breast cancer survivors suggests that current smoking at the time of diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, particularly among women with greater pack-years of smoking.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (BC), but it is unclear whether these associations vary by a woman's familial BC risk. METHODS:Using the Prospective Family Study Cohort, we evaluated associations between alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and BC risk. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We examined whether associations were modified by familial risk profile (FRP), defined as the 1-year incidence of BC predicted by Breast Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA), a pedigree-based algorithm. RESULTS:We observed 1009 incident BC cases in 17,435 women during a median follow-up of 10.4 years. We found no overall association of smoking or alcohol consumption with BC risk (current smokers compared with never smokers HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.85-1.23; consuming ≥ 7 drinks/week compared with non-regular drinkers HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92-1.32), but we did observe differences in associations based on FRP and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Women with lower FRP had an increased risk of ER-positive BC associated with consuming ≥ 7 drinks/week (compared to non-regular drinkers), whereas there was no association for women with higher FRP. For example, women at the 10th percentile of FRP (5-year BOADICEA = 0.15%) had an estimated HR of 1.46 (95% CI 1.07-1.99), whereas there was no association for women at the 90th percentile (5-year BOADICEA = 4.2%) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.80-1.44). While the associations with smoking were not modified by FRP, we observed a positive multiplicative interaction by FRP (pinteraction = 0.01) for smoking status in women who also consumed alcohol, but not in women who were non-regular drinkers. CONCLUSIONS:Moderate alcohol intake was associated with increased BC risk, particularly for women with ER-positive BC, but only for those at lower predicted familial BC risk (5-year BOADICEA < 1.25). For women with a high FRP (5-year BOADICEA ≥ 6.5%) who also consumed alcohol, being a current smoker was associated with increased BC risk.

Dataset Information

Burden of Cancer Due to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Korea.

Publications

Burden of Cancer Due to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Korea.

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