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Successive Pandemic Waves with Different Virulent Strains and the Effects of Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT: One hundred years after the flu pandemic of 1918, the world faces an outbreak of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused by a novel coronavirus. With a high transmissibility, the pandemic has spread worldwide, creating a scenario of devastation in many countries. By the middle of 2021, about 3% of the world population had been infected and more than 4 million people had died. Different from the H1N1 pandemic, which had a deadly wave and ceased, the new disease is maintained by successive waves, mainly produced by new virus variants and the small number of vaccinated people. In the present work, we create a version of the SIR model using the spatial localization of persons, their movements, and considering social isolation probabilities. We discuss the effects of virus variants, and the role of vaccination rate in the pandemic dynamics. We show that, unless a global vaccination is implemented, we will have continuous waves of infections.

SUBMITTER: Castro E Silva A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8952817 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Successive Pandemic Waves with Different Virulent Strains and the Effects of Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.

Castro E Silva Alcides A Bernardes Américo Tristão AT Barbosa Eduardo Augusto Gonçalves EAG Chagas Igor Aparecido Santana das IASD Dáttilo Wesley W Reis Alexandre Barbosa AB Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes SP

Vaccines 20220222 3

One hundred years after the flu pandemic of 1918, the world faces an outbreak of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused by a novel coronavirus. With a high transmissibility, the pandemic has spread worldwide, creating a scenario of devastation in many countries. By the middle of 2021, about 3% of the world population had been infected and more than 4 million people had died. Different from the H1N1 pandemic, which had a deadly wave and ceased, the new disease is maintained by successive ...[more]

PMID: 35334975

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Project description:Since the rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a global COVID-19 pandemic affecting millions of people globally, it has become one of the most urgent research topics worldwide to better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the impact of the harmful variants. In the present study, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of 110 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, to give more data about the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the four waves of pandemic in Uzbekistan. The whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 samples isolated from PCR-positive patients from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in the period of 2021 and 2022 were generated using next-generation sequencing approaches and subjected to further genomic analysis. According to our previous studies and the current genome-wide annotations of clinical samples, we have identified four waves of SARS-CoV-2 in Uzbekistan between 2020 and 2022. The dominant variants observed in each wave were Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron, respectively. A total of 347 amino acid level variants were identified and of these changes, the most frequent mutations were identified in the ORF1ab region (n = 159), followed by the S gene (n = 115). There were several mutations in all parts of the SAR-CoV-2 genomes but S: D614G, E: T9I, M: A63T, N: G204 R and R203K, NSP12: P323L, and ORF3a(NS3): T223I were the most frequent mutations in these studied viruses. In our previous study, no mutation was found in the envelope (E) protein. In contrast, in our present study, we identified 3 (T9I, T11A and V58F) mutations that made changes to the structure and function of the E protein of SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, our findings showed that with the emergence of each new variant in our country, the COVID-19 pandemic has also progressed. This may be due to the considerable increase in the number of mutations (Alpha-46, Delta- 146, and Omicron-200 mutations were observed in our samples) in each emerged variant that shows the SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

Project description:PurposeDuring the first SARS-CoV-2-infection wave, a deterioration in emotional well-being and increased need for mental health care were observed among patients treated or being treated for breast cancer. In this follow-up study, we assessed patient-reported quality of life (QoL), physical functioning, and psychosocial well-being during the second SARS-CoV-2-infection wave in a large, representative cohort.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study was conducted within the prospective, multicenter UMBRELLA breast cancer cohort. To assess patient-reported QoL, physical functioning and psychosocial well-being, COVID-19-specific surveys were completed by patients during the first and second SARS-CoV-2-infection waves (April and November 2020, respectively). An identical survey was completed by a comparable reference population during the second SARS-CoV-2-infection waves. All surveys included the validated EORTC-QLQ-C30/BR23, HADS and "De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness" questionnaires. Pre-COVID-19 EORTC-QLQ-C30/BR23 and HADS outcomes were available from UMBRELLA. Response rates were 69.3% (n = 1106/1595) during the first SARS-CoV-2-infection wave and 50.9% (n = 822/1614) during the second wave. A total of 696 patients responded during both SARS-CoV-2-infection waves and were included in the analysis comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during the second SARS-CoV-2-infection wave to PROs during the first wave. Moreover, PROs reported by all patients during the second SARS-CoV-2-infection wave (n = 822) were compared to PROs of a similar non-cancer reference population (n = 241) and to their pre-COVID-19 PROs.ResultsPatient-reported QoL, physical functioning, and psychosocial well-being of patients treated or being treated for breast cancer remained stable or improved from the first to the second SARS-CoV-2-infection wave. The proportion of emotional loneliness reduced from 37.6 to 29.9% of patients. Compared to a similar non-cancer reference population, physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning, future perspectives and symptoms of dyspnea and insomnia were worse in patients treated or being treated for breast cancer during the second SARS-CoV-2-infection wave. PROs in the second wave were similar to pre-COVID-19 PROs.ConclusionAlthough patients scored overall worse than individuals without breast cancer, QoL, physical functioning, and psychosocial well-being did not deteriorate between the first and second wave. During the second wave, PROs were similar to pre-COVID-19 values. Overall, current findings are cautiously reassuring for future mental health of patients treated or being treated for breast cancer.

Dataset Information

Successive Pandemic Waves with Different Virulent Strains and the Effects of Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.

Publications

Successive Pandemic Waves with Different Virulent Strains and the Effects of Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.

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