Dataset Information

Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild disease and healthy controls. In addition, we detected reactivity of secretory IgA to eCoVs in saliva of patients with severe disease, not present in patients with moderate disease or seropositive healthy controls. These heterologous immune responses are in line with non-protective cross-reactivity, and support a potential role for immune imprinting in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Smit WL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8959642 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19.

Smit Wouter L WL van Tol Sophie S van der Wal Sanne S van Vulpen Femke F la Grouw Shannon S van Lelyveld Lenneke L Limonard Gijs G Bossink Ailko A Godeke Gert-Jan GJ Shrestha Sandhya S Reimerink Johan J Eggink Dirk D Reusken Chantal C Heron Michiel M Thijsen Steven S

Frontiers in immunology 20220309

Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild diseas ...[more]

PMID: 35355988

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Project description:Background: Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an important role in antiviral protective immunity. Although salivary testing has been used for many viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), its use has not yet been well established with the SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Quantification of salivary IgA and IgG antibodies can elucidate mucosal and systemic immune responses after natural infection or vaccination. Here, we report the development and validation of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies, and present quantitative results for immunized subjects both prior to or following COVID-19 infections. Objective: Total and serum SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG responses were compared with salivary spike-specific IgA and IgG responses in samples obtained from patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2 and from subjects recently immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A total of 52 paired saliva and serum samples were collected from 26 study participants: 7 subjects after COVID-19 infection and 19 subjects who were uninfected. The ELISA results from these samples were compared with five prepandemic control serum samples. Total IgG and SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG in the serum samples from the subjects who were infected and vaccinated were also measured in a commercial laboratory with an enzyme immunoassay. Results: A wide variation in antibody responses was seen in salivary and serum samples measured by both methods. Three groups of serum total and IgG spike-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses were observed: (1) low, (2) intermediate, and (3) high antibody responders. A correlational analysis of salivary IgA (sIgA) responses with serum IgG concentrations showed a statistical correlation in the low and intermediate antibody responder groups but not in the high group (which we believe was a result of saturation). Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest measuring salivary and serum IgG and IgA merit further investigation as markers of current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Dataset Information

Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19.

Publications

Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19.

Similar Datasets

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