Dataset Information

Development and Evaluation of the Eight-Item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8).

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a short caregiving self-efficacy measure. The self-administered 8-item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8) was developed to reflect components of typical caregiver support interventions and to be practical for inclusion in future self-efficacy and caregiving research.

Research design and methods

We administered the CSES-8 in 2 samples: participants in an intervention for caregivers of persons with cognitive disabilities, and a voluntary online survey for caregivers of adults. We evaluated the completion rate, item-scale correlations, reliability, descriptive statistics, and preliminary construct validity of the CSES-8 in both samples, and sensitivity to change in the intervention sample.

Results

The intervention caregivers' sample (N = 158) was 85% female (mean age = 65 years). The online survey sample (N = 138) was 90% female (mean age = 78). In both samples, the CSES-8 had excellent internal consistency reliability (.89 and .88) and good distribution with sufficient variability to detect change. Test-retest reliability was good in the online sample (.73). As evidence of construct validity, most hypotheses were confirmed in both samples. The CSES-8 was sensitive to change at 6 months for caregivers in the intervention program (p < .001).

Discussion and implications

The CSES-8 is short, comprehensive with respect to common components of interventions to improve caregivers' quality of life, and sensitive to change. It can serve a useful role exploring mechanisms by which caregiver intervention studies work, and it can be helpful in examining whether self-efficacy mediates the effect of these interventions on various outcomes such as psychological well-being.

SUBMITTER: Ritter PL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8963154 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Development and Evaluation of the Eight-Item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8).

Ritter Philip L PL Sheth Khushboo K Stewart Anita L AL Gallagher-Thompson Dolores D Lorig Kate K

The Gerontologist 20220301 3

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>This paper describes the development and evaluation of a short caregiving self-efficacy measure. The self-administered 8-item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8) was developed to reflect components of typical caregiver support interventions and to be practical for inclusion in future self-efficacy and caregiving research.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>We administered the CSES-8 in 2 samples: participants in an intervention for caregivers of persons with ...[more]

PMID: 33146727

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Project description:In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the benefit finding of family caregivers due to the important role they play. Although some instruments measure benefit finding of caregivers, they do not comprehensively address it in terms specific to the family caregivers of stroke survivors, who require long-term, consistent care. This study is the first effort to develop a comprehensive Caregiver Benefit Finding Scale for the family caregivers of stroke survivors in a Chinese cultural setting. First, 50 items were extracted from a systematic literature review, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 stroke family caregivers to develop the preliminary version of the scale (Version 1). Second, Delphi procedures with 20 experts were used to revise the first version and create Version 2 (37 items). Another six experts were recruited for content validation. Item content validity index (I-CVI) values ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, and the value of the scale CVI was 0.97. Third, 309 family caregivers completed the Version 2 questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving. Two weeks later, 35 family caregivers once again completed the questionnaires. An exploratory factor analysis produced four components (personal growth, health promotion, family growth, and self-sublimation) and 26 items for Version 3 (the cumulative proportion variance was 74.14%). Subsequently, 311 family caregivers completed Version 3. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure. The goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.921, adjusted GFI = 0.901, normal fit index = 0.951, incremental fit index = 0.990, comparative FI = 0.990, and the root mean square error of approximation = 0.02 were within the acceptable range. Criterion-related validity was equal to 0.803. The model-based internal consistency index was 0.845 and the values of the Cronbach'α coefficient of the four dimensions were 0.885-0.953. The split-half reliability was 0.92, and the test-retest reliability was 0.994. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the Caregiver Benefit Finding Scale. The scale can help researchers and clinicians to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of stroke family caregivers' positive experience. This understanding is necessary for future efforts to address issues in benefit finding by targeting the underlying mechanism and intervention.

Project description:ObjectiveTo develop and assess the psychometrics of the Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale (CHASE).BackgroundExisting scales assess self-efficacy in coping strategies and management of symptoms and triggers but do not measure other important self-efficacy domains, such as performing daily activities and socializing in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH).MethodsThe study had two phases: (i) Development of the 14-item CHASE, with items derived from patients with CDH and a multidisciplinary healthcare team; (ii) longitudinal observational study for psychometric evaluation. Participants with CDH (N = 79) completed the CHASE, Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE), six-item Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) at baseline, 24-72 h after baseline, and 12 weeks after baseline. The Global Rating of Change (GROC) assessed perceived change in symptoms. We assessed internal consistency, day-to-day reliability, convergent and known group discriminant validity, dimensionality, and responsiveness via minimal clinical important difference (MCID).ResultsFor day-to-day reliability, the CHASE intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.81), with standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of 10.3% and 24%, respectively. The CHASE had two independent factors (total R2 = 54.5%) that can be combined into a single score (Cronbach's alpha internal consistency 0.88). For convergent validity, the CHASE score was related to the HIT-6, HMSE, and SF-12 (R2: 0.17-0.29, all p < 0.001). For known group discriminant validity, individuals with an active headache had a lower CHASE score than those without (mean [standard deviation] 47.7 [17.3]% vs. 57.2 [19.8]%, p < 0.001). Classification and regression tree analysis showed the MCID for meaningful positive symptom change on the GROC was a CHASE change of >8% or CHASE change of 8% with baseline CHASE >67%.ConclusionThe CHASE is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing self-efficacy in performing daily activities, socializing, managing headache symptoms and triggers, and guiding treatment plans for patients with CDH.

Dataset Information

Development and Evaluation of the Eight-Item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8).

Background and objectives

Research design and methods

Results

Discussion and implications

Publications

Development and Evaluation of the Eight-Item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8).

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