Deep Learning-Based Pain Classifier Based on the Facial Expression in Critically Ill Patients.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Pain assessment based on facial expressions is an essential issue in critically ill patients, but an automated assessment tool is still lacking. We conducted this prospective study to establish the deep learning-based pain classifier based on facial expressions.

Methods

We enrolled critically ill patients during 2020-2021 at a tertiary hospital in central Taiwan and recorded video clips with labeled pain scores based on facial expressions, such as relaxed (0), tense (1), and grimacing (2). We established both image- and video-based pain classifiers through using convolutional neural network (CNN) models, such as Resnet34, VGG16, and InceptionV1 and bidirectional long short-term memory networks (BiLSTM). The performance of classifiers in the test dataset was determi

SUBMITTER: Wu CL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8968070 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature