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The Effects of Soy Products on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have suggested that soy products may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health, but current evidence regarding their effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched from inception to March 2021 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models and subgroup analysis was performed to explore variations by dose and baseline risk profile. A total of 22 trials with 867 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Soy product consumption led to a significant reduction in serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -24.73 mg/dL; 95% CI: -37.49, -11.97), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -9.84 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.07, -4.61), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD: -6.94 mg/dL; 95% CI: -11.71, -2.17) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -1.27 mg/L; 95% CI: -2.39, -0.16). In contrast, soy products had no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) or body mass index (BMI) (all P ≥ 0.05). In subgroup analyses, there was a significant reduction in FBS after soy consumption in patients with elevated baseline FBS (>126 mg/dL) and in those who received higher doses of soy intake (>30 g/d). Moreover, soy products decreased SBP in patients with baseline hypertension (>135 mmHg). Our meta-analysis suggests that soy product consumption may improve cardiovascular parameters in patients with T2DM, particularly in individuals with poor baseline risk profiles. However, larger studies with longer durations and improved methodological quality are needed before firm conclusions can be reached.

SUBMITTER: Asbaghi O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8970819 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Effects of Soy Products on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

Asbaghi Omid O Ashtary-Larky Damoon D Mousa Aya A Rezaei Kelishadi Mahnaz M Moosavian Seyedeh Parisa SP

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 20220301 2

Previous studies have suggested that soy products may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health, but current evidence regarding their effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of soy product consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2D. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched from inception to March 2021 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled ...[more]

PMID: 34591084

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Project description:BackgroundIndividuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes are also at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although there are separate trials examining the effects of lifestyle interventions on absolute CVD risk among people at high risk for type 2 diabetes, a comprehensive evidence synthesis of these trials is lacking.ObjectiveWe will systematically synthesize the evidence on the effects of lifestyle interventions in reducing absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe adhered to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) statement in reporting the details of this protocol. Randomized controlled trials of diabetes prevention that examined the effects of lifestyle interventions for at least 6 months on absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes will be eligible. We will systematically search the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases and ClinicalTrials.gov using a mix of Medical Subject Headings and text words. Two authors will independently screen the abstract and title of the articles retrieved from the search, followed by full-text reviews using the inclusion and exclusion criteria and data extraction from the eligible studies. Article screening and data extraction will be performed in the Covidence software. The primary outcome will be the changes in absolute 10-year CVD risk, as estimated by risk prediction models. The secondary outcomes are the changes in CVD risk factors, including behavioral, clinical, biochemical, and psychosocial risk factors, and incidence of type 2 diabetes.ResultsAn initial database search was conducted in July 2023. After screening 1935 articles identified through the database search, 42 articles were considered eligible for inclusion. It is anticipated that the study findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal by the end of 2024.ConclusionsThis study will provide up-to-date, systematically synthesized evidence on the effects of lifestyle interventions on absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42023429869; https://tinyurl.com/59ajy7rw.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/53517.

Project description:No meta-analysis has examined the effect of dose and duration of zinc interventions on their impact on risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) or cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed first to compare the effects of zinc interventions dichotomized as low versus high dose (<25 mg/d and ≥25 mg/d, respectively) and short versus long duration (<12 wk and ≥12 wk, respectively) on risk factors for T2D and CVD. Second, it discusses the results from the low-dose and long-duration meta-analyses as a foundation for understanding what impact a zinc-biofortification intervention could have on these risk factors. The PubMed and Cochrane Review databases were searched through January 2020 for full-text, human studies providing zinc supplements (alone) at doses ≤75 mg/d and a placebo. Data on study and sample characteristics and several T2D and CVD risk factors were extracted. There were 1042 and 974 participants receiving zinc and placebo, respectively, from 27 studies. Low-dose zinc supplementation (<25 mg/d) significantly benefited fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. High-dose zinc supplementation (≥25 mg/d) benefited glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance. Short-duration interventions (<12 wk) benefited fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and triglycerides, while long-duration studies (≥12 wk) benefited fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and total and LDL cholesterol. Effect sizes for low-dose and long-duration interventions were of equal or greater magnitude to those from high-dose or short-duration interventions. Low-dose and long-duration zinc supplementation each improved more risk factors for T2D and CVD than high-dose and short-duration interventions, respectively. It is currently unknown whether low doses of zinc delivered over long durations via a biofortified crop would similarly impact these risk factors. However, this review suggests that low-dose, long-duration zinc intake from supplements, and potentially biofortification, can benefit risk factors for T2D and CVD.

Dataset Information

The Effects of Soy Products on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

Publications

The Effects of Soy Products on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

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