Dataset Information

Grapevine Wood-Degrading Activity of Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch.: A Focus on the Enzymatic Pathway Regulation.

ABSTRACT: Fomitiporia mediterranea is a Basidiomycetes fungus associated with some of the Esca complex diseases and responsible for decay in grapevine wood. Its role in the onset of foliar symptoms has recently been reconsidered, mainly after evidence showing a reduction in foliar symptom expression after removal of rotten wood. The study of its degradation pathways has already been approached by other authors, and with this study much information is consolidated. A microscopic observation of degraded wood provides a first approach to the characterization of F. mediterranea modalities of wood cellular structure degradation. The decay of grapevine wood was reproduced in vitro, and the measurement of each wood-forming polymer loss highlighted characteristics of F. mediterranea common to selective white rot and showed how fungal strain and vine variety are factors determining the wood degradation. All these observations were supported by the analysis of the laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activity, as well as by the expression of the genes coding 6 putative laccase isoforms and 3 manganese peroxidase isoforms, thereby highlighting substantial intraspecific variability.

SUBMITTER: Pacetti A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8971955 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Grapevine Wood-Degrading Activity of Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch.: A Focus on the Enzymatic Pathway Regulation.

Pacetti Andrea A Moretti Samuele S Perrin Célia C Gelhaye Eric E Bieler Evi E Kassemeyer Hanns-Heinz HH Mugnai Laura L Farine Sibylle S Bertsch Christophe C

Frontiers in microbiology 20220318

Fomitiporia mediterranea is a Basidiomycetes fungus associated with some of the Esca complex diseases and responsible for decay in grapevine wood. Its role in the onset of foliar symptoms has recently been reconsidered, mainly after evidence showing a reduction in foliar symptom expression after removal of rotten wood. The study of its degradation pathways has already been approached by other authors, and with this study much information is consolidated. A microscopic observation o ...[more]

PMID: 35369524

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Project description:Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is one of the main fungal species found in grapevine wood rot, also called "amadou," one of the most typical symptoms of grapevine trunk disease Esca. This fungus is functionally classified as a white-rot, able to degrade all wood structure polymers, i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose, and the most recalcitrant component, lignin. Specific enzymes are secreted by the fungus to degrade those components, namely carbohydrate active enzymes for hemicelluloses and cellulose, which can be highly specific for given polysaccharide, and peroxidases, which enable white-rot to degrade lignin, with specificities relating to lignin composition as well. Furthermore, besides polymers, a highly diverse set of metabolites often associated with antifungal activities is found in wood, this set differing among the various wood species. Wood decayers possess the ability to detoxify these specific extractives and this ability could reflect the adaptation of these fungi to their specific environment. The aim of this study is to better understand the molecular mechanisms used by Fmed to degrade wood structure, and in particular its potential adaptation to grapevine wood. To do so, Fmed was cultivated on sawdust from different origins: grapevine, beech, and spruce. Carbon mineralization rate, mass loss, wood structure polymers contents, targeted metabolites (extractives) and secreted proteins were measured. We used the well-known white-rot model Trametes versicolor for comparison. Whereas no significant degradation was observed with spruce, a higher mass loss was measured on Fmed grapevine culture compared to beech culture. Moreover, on both substrates, a simultaneous degradation pattern was demonstrated, and proteomic analysis identified a relative overproduction of oxidoreductases involved in lignin and extractive degradation on grapevine cultures, and only few differences in carbohydrate active enzymes. These results could explain at least partially the adaptation of Fmed to grapevine wood structural composition compared to other wood species, and suggest that other biotic and abiotic factors should be considered to fully understand the potential adaptation of Fmed to its ecological niche. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036889.

Project description:Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fischer (Fmed) is a white-rot wood-decaying fungus associated with one of the most important and challenging diseases in vineyards: Esca. To relieve microbial degradation, woody plants, including Vitis vinifera, use structural and chemical weapons. Lignin is the most recalcitrant of the wood cell wall structural compounds and contributes to wood durability. Extractives are constitutive or de novo synthesized specialized metabolites that are not covalently bound to wood cell walls and are often associated with antimicrobial properties. Fmed is able to mineralize lignin and detoxify toxic wood extractives, thanks to enzymes such as laccases and peroxidases. Grapevine wood's chemical composition could be involved in Fmed's adaptation to its substrate. This study aimed at deciphering if Fmed uses specific mechanisms to degrade grapevine wood structure and extractives. Three different wood species, grapevine, beech, and oak. were exposed to fungal degradation by two Fmed strains. The well-studied white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (Tver) was used as a comparison model. A simultaneous degradation pattern was shown for Fmed in the three degraded wood species. Wood mass loss after 7 months for the two fungal species was the highest with low-density oak wood. For the latter wood species, radical differences in initial wood density were observed. No differences between grapevine or beech wood degradation rates were observed after degradation by Fmed or by Tver. Contrary to the Tver secretome, one manganese peroxidase isoform (MnP2l, jgi protein ID 145801) was the most abundant in the Fmed secretome on grapevine wood only. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on wood and mycelium samples, using metabolomic networking and public databases (GNPS, MS-DIAL) for metabolite annotations. Chemical differences between non-degraded and degraded woods, and between mycelia grown on different wood species, are discussed. This study highlights Fmed physiological, proteomic and metabolomic traits during wood degradation and thus contributes to a better understanding of its wood degradation mechanisms.

Project description:Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is one of the main fungal species found in grapevine wood rot, also called “amadou”, one of the most typical symptoms of grapevine trunk disease Esca. This fungus is functionally classified as a white-rot, able to degrade all wood structure polymers, i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose, and the most recalcitrant component, lignin. Specific enzymes are secreted by the fungus to degrade those components, namely carbohydrate active enzymes for hemicelluloses and cellulose, which can be highly specific for given polysaccharide, and peroxidases, which enable white-rot to degrade lignin, with specificities relating to lignin composition as well. Furthermore, besides polymers, a highly diverse set of metabolites often associated with antifungal activities is found in wood, this set differing among the various wood species. Wood decayers possess the ability to detoxify these specific extractives and this ability could reflect the adaptation of these fungi to their specific environment. The aim of this study is to better understand the molecular mechanisms used by Fmed to degrade wood structure, and in particular its potential adaptation to grapevine wood. To do so, Fmed was cultivated on sawdust from different origins: grapevine, beech, and spruce. Carbon mineralization rate, mass loss, wood structure polymers contents, targeted metabolites and secreted proteins were measured. We used the well-known white-rot model Trametes versicolor for comparison. Whereas no significant degradation was observed with spruce, a higher mass loss was measured on Fmed grapevine culture compared to beech culture. Moreover, on both substrates, a simultaneous degradation pattern and the degradation of wood extractives were demonstrated, and proteomic analyses identified a relative overproduction of oxidoreductases involved in lignin and extractive degradation on grapevine cultures, and only few differences in carbohydrate active enzymes. These results could explain at least partially the adaptation of Fmed to grapevine wood structural composition compared to other wood species and suggest that other biotic and abiotic factors should be considered to fully understand the potential adaptation of Fmed to its ecological niche.

Dataset Information

Grapevine Wood-Degrading Activity of Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch.: A Focus on the Enzymatic Pathway Regulation.

Publications

Grapevine Wood-Degrading Activity of <i>Fomitiporia mediterranea</i> M. Fisch.: A Focus on the Enzymatic Pathway Regulation.

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