Dataset Information

Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment.

ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men, and the progression of this disease results in fewer treatment options available to clinical patients. It highlights the vital necessity for discovering novel therapeutic approaches and expanding the current understanding of molecular mechanisms. Epigenetic alternations such as DNA methylation models and histone modifications have been associated as key drivers in the development and advancement of PCa. Several studies have been conducted and demonstrated that targeting these epigenetic enzymes or regulatory proteins has been strongly associated with the regulation of cancer cell growth. Due to the success rate of these therapeutic routes in pre-clinical settings, many drugs have now advanced to clinical testing, where efficacy will be measured. This review will discuss the role of epigenetic modifications in PCa development and its function in the progression of the disease to resistant forms and introduce therapeutic strategies that have demonstrated successful results as PCa treatment.

SUBMITTER: Jones K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8974353 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment.

Jones Katelyn K Zhang Yanquan Y Kong Yifan Y Farah Elia E Wang Ruixin R Li Chaohao C Wang Xinyi X Zhang ZhuangZhuang Z Wang Jianlin J Mao Fengyi F Liu Xiaoqi X Liu Jinghui J

Journal of translational genetics and genomics 20210827

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men, and the progression of this disease results in fewer treatment options available to clinical patients. It highlights the vital necessity for discovering novel therapeutic approaches and expanding the current understanding of molecular mechanisms. Epigenetic alternations such as DNA methylation models and histone modifications have been associated as key drivers in the development and advancement of PCa. Several studies ha ...[more]

PMID: 35372800

Similar Datasets

Project description:Epidemiological data highlight prostate cancer as a significant global health issue, with high incidence and substantial impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of this disease is associated with various factors, including age, heredity, and race. Recent research in prostate cancer genetics has identified several genetic variants that may be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. However, despite the significance of these findings, genetic markers for prostate cancer are not currently utilized in clinical practice as reliable indicators of the disease. In addition to genetics, epigenetic alterations also play a crucial role in prostate cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, and microRNA (miRNA) expression are major epigenetic events that influence oncogenesis. Existing markers for prostate cancer, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cost of testing, follow-up procedures, and treatment for false-positive results and overdiagnosis contributes to the overall healthcare expenditure. Improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis requires either narrowing the risk group by identifying new genetic factors or enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of existing markers. Immunological biomarkers (both circulating and intra-tumoral), including markers of immune response and immune dysfunction, represent a potentially useful area of research for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Our review emphasizes the need for developing novel immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the most recent achievements in the identification of biomarkers provided by circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We highlight that monocyte-derived and TAM-derived biomarkers can enable to establish the missing links between genetic predisposition, hormonal metabolism and immune responses in prostate cancer.

Project description:Epigenetic changes have been suggested to drive prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify novel epigenetics-related genes in PCa tissues, and to examine their expression in metastatic PCa cell lines. We analyzed the expression of epigenetics-related genes via a clustering analysis based on gene function in moderately and poorly differentiated PCa glands compared to normal glands of the peripheral zone (prostate proper) from PCa patients using Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarrays. Our analysis identified 12 epigenetics-related genes with a more than 2-fold increase or decrease in expression and a p-value <0.01. In modera-tely differentiated tumors compared to normal glands of the peripheral zone, we found the genes, TDRD1, IGF2, DICER1, ADARB1, HILS1, GLMN and TRIM27, to be upregulated, whereas TNRC6A and DGCR8 were found to be downregulated. In poorly differentiated tumors, we found TDRD1, ADARB and RBM3 to be upregulated, whereas DGCR8, PIWIL2 and BC069781 were downregulated. Our analysis of the expression level for each gene in the metastatic androgen-sensitive VCaP and LNCaP, and -insensitive PC3 and DU-145 PCa cell lines revealed differences in expression among the cell lines which may reflect the different biological properties of each cell line, and the potential role of each gene at different metastatic sites. The novel epigenetics-related genes that we identified in primary PCa tissues may provide further insight into the role that epigenetic changes play in PCa. Moreover, some of the genes that we identified may play important roles in primary PCa and metastasis, in primary PCa only, or in metastasis only. Follow-up studies are required to investigate the functional role and the role that the expression of these genes play in the outcome and progression of PCa using tissue microarrays.

Dataset Information

Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment.

Publications

Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets