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Fluorescence detection of malachite green and cations (Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺) by a europium-based coordination polymer.

ABSTRACT: Due to remarkable fluorescence characteristics, lanthanide coordination polymers (CP) have been widely employed in fluorescence detection, but it is rarely reported that they act as multifunctional luminescent probes dedicated to detecting malachite green (MG) and various metal ions. A europium-based CP fluorescent probe, Eu(PDCA)₂(H₂O)₆ (PDCA = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized and exhibited excellent recognition ability for malachite green and metal cations (Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺) among 11 metal cations, 13 anions and six other compounds. The recognition was achieved by fluorescence quenching when MG, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ were added to a suspension of Eu(PDCA)₂(H₂O)₆ respectively. Eu(PDCA)₂(H₂O)₆ is a multifunctional luminescent probe, and displayed high quenching efficiencies K _sv (2.10 × 10⁶ M^-1 for MG; 1.46 × 10⁵ M^-1 for Cr³⁺; 7.26 × 10⁵ M^-1 for Fe³⁺; 3.64 × 10⁵ M^-1 for Cu²⁺), and low detection limits (MG: 0.039 μM; Cr³⁺: 0.539 μM; Fe³⁺: 0.490 μM; Cu²⁺: 0.654 μM), presenting excellent selectivity and sensitivity, especially for MG. In addition, Eu(PDCA)₂(H₂O)₆ was also made into fluorescent test strips, which can rapidly and effectively examine trace amounts of MG, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ in aqueous solutions. This work provides a new perspective for detecting malachite green in fish ponds and heavy metal ions in waste water.

SUBMITTER: Kong YJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8984937 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Fluorescence detection of malachite green and cations (Cr3+, Fe3+ and Cu2+) by a europium-based coordination polymer.

Kong Ya-Jie YJ Hou Guo-Zheng GZ Gong Zhao-Ning ZN Zhao Feng-Tan FT Han Li-Juan LJ

RSC advances 20220317 14

Due to remarkable fluorescence characteristics, lanthanide coordination polymers (CP) have been widely employed in fluorescence detection, but it is rarely reported that they act as multifunctional luminescent probes dedicated to detecting malachite green (MG) and various metal ions. A europium-based CP fluorescent probe, Eu(PDCA)2(H2O)6 (PDCA = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized and exhibited excellent recognition ability for malachite green an ...[more]

PMID: 35424814

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Project description:153-Residue copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) is the first gene whose mutation was linked to FALS. To date, > 180 ALS-causing mutations have been identified within hSOD1, yet the underlying mechanism still remains mysterious. Mature hSOD1 is exceptionally stable constrained by a disulfide bridge to adopt a Greek-key β-barrel fold that accommodates copper/zinc cofactors. Conversely, nascent hSOD1 is unfolded and susceptible to aggregation and amyloid formation, requiring Zn2+ to initiate folding to a coexistence of folded and unfolded states. Recent studies demonstrate mutations that disrupt Zn2+-binding correlate with their ability to form toxic aggregates. Therefore, to decode the role of cations in hSOD1 folding provides not only mechanistic insights, but may bear therapeutic implications for hSOD1-linked ALS. Here by NMR, we visualized the effect of 12 cations: 8 essential for humans (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+), 3 mimicking zinc (Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+), and environmentally abundant Al3+. Surprisingly, most cations, including Zn2+-mimics, showed negligible binding or induction for folding of nascent hSOD1. Cu2+ exhibited extensive binding to the unfolded state but led to severe aggregation. Unexpectedly, for the first time Fe2+ was deciphered to have Zn2+-like folding-inducing capacity. Zn2+ was unable to induce folding of H80S/D83S-hSOD1, while Fe2+ could. In contrast, Zn2+ could trigger folding of G93A-hSOD1, but Fe2+ failed. Notably, pre-existing Fe2+ disrupted the Zn2+-induced folding of G93A-hSOD1. Comparing with the ATP-induced folded state, our findings delineate that hSOD1 maturation requires: (1) intrinsic folding capacity encoded by the sequence; (2) specific Zn2+-coordination; (3) disulfide formation and Cu-load catalyzed by hCCS. This study unveils a previously-unknown interplay of cations in governing the initial folding of hSOD1, emphasizing the pivotal role of Zn2+ in hSOD1-related ALS and implying new hSOD1-dependent mechanisms for Cu2+/Fe2+-induced cytotoxicity, likely relevant to aging and other diseases.

Dataset Information

Fluorescence detection of malachite green and cations (Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺) by a europium-based coordination polymer.

Publications

Fluorescence detection of malachite green and cations (Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>) by a europium-based coordination polymer.

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