Application of Standardization for Causal Inference in Observational Studies: A Step-by-step Tutorial for Analysis Using R Software.

ABSTRACT: Epidemiological studies typically examine the causal effect of exposure on a health outcome. Standardization is one of the most straightforward methods for estimating causal estimands. However, compared to inverse probability weighting, there is a lack of user-centric explanations for implementing standardization to estimate causal estimands. This paper explains the standardization method using basic R functions only and how it is linked to the R package stdReg, which can be used to implement the same procedure. We provide a step-by-step tutorial for estimating causal risk differences, causal risk ratios, and causal odds ratios based on standardization. We also discuss how to carry out subgroup analysis in detail.

SUBMITTER: Lee S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8995931 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature