Dataset Information

Growth and Meat Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Responded to Dietary Protein (Soybean Meal) Level Through the Muscle Metabolism and Gene Expression of Myosin Heavy Chains.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level (soybean meal) on growth performance, flesh quality of grass carp, and the related molecular mechanisms. The results showed that appropriate dietary protein levels improved the growth performance, hardness, and pH of muscle while decreasing muscle crude lipid content and cooking loss and altering the antioxidant capacity and metabolic enzymes activities. In addition, appropriate dietary protein promoted the gene expression of myhc-1, myhc-4, myf5, myod, myog, and fgf6a, whereas inhibited that of myhc-7, myhc-2, mrf4, and mstn. Transcriptome profiling of muscle revealed that the flesh quality-specific differences were related to tight junctions and intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation. GSEA showed that fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation were downregulated in SM5 compared with SM1. To conclude, appropriate protein levels improved the growth and flesh quality by regulating muscle antioxidant capacity and gene expression of myhcs and fat metabolism-related signaling molecules.

SUBMITTER: Wang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8996190 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Growth and Meat Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>) Responded to Dietary Protein (Soybean Meal) Level Through the Muscle Metabolism and Gene Expression of Myosin Heavy Chains.

Wang Xiaoyu X Liu Guoqing G Xie Shouqi S Pan Lei L Tan Qingsong Q

Frontiers in nutrition 20220328

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level (soybean meal) on growth performance, flesh quality of grass carp, and the related molecular mechanisms. The results showed that appropriate dietary protein levels improved the growth performance, hardness, and pH of muscle while decreasing muscle crude lipid content and cooking loss and altering the antioxidant capacity and metabolic enzymes activities. In addition, appropriate dietary protein promoted the gene express ...[more]

PMID: 35419399

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Project description:The ultrahigh density intensive farming model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may elicit growth inhibition, decrease flesh quality, and increase disease susceptibility of fish. The degradation in quality and excessive fat accumulation in cultured C. idellus have long been attributed to possible alterations in the lipid metabolism of fish muscle tissues as a result of overnutrition from artificial diets. To investigate the effects of different diets on fish muscle quality, a large-scale metabolomics study was performed on 250 tails of C. idellus. The experimental fish were divided into four groups based on sex and diet-female artificial feed (FAF), female grass feed, male artificial feed (MAF), and male grass feed (MGF). After a 113-day rearing period, the artificial feed (AF) group showed a significantly higher total mass of muscle fat (P < 0.01), with the FAF group being the highest. Metabolomics profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed distinctive patterns of clustering according to the four groups. Overall, artificial feeding was associated with higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, whereas grass feeding was associated with elevated n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid. Artificial feeding also resulted in significant increased docosahexaenoic acid in MAF muscle than in MGF fish, whereas there was no significance in the comparison of female samples. Metabolic pathway analyses using both targeted and untargeted approaches consistently revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways were significantly different between AF and grass fed groups. Our results suggest that grass is a better source of dietary fatty acid and protein when compared to artificial feed. Grass feeding could effectively lower triglycerides in serum, reduce fat accumulation, and alter lipid compositions in fish muscle by increasing the concentrations of n-3 UFAs, leading to better nutrition and health.

Project description:Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus; n = 320) were received four different diets for 56 days. The experimental diets were: fishmeal (FM) containing 10% fishmeal (without rapeseed meal), and rapeseed meal (RM) containing 50% rapeseed meal (without fishmeal), and two semi-purified diets either without (T0) or with 1.25% (T1) supplemental hydrolysable tannin. The approximate content of tannin in the RM diet was 1.31%, which was close to that of T1, while the tannin content of FM was close to that of T0. The weight gain rate of grass carp of the RM group was significantly lower than that of the FM group, while the feeding conversion ratio and the feeding rate were significantly higher in the T1 group than in T0. The muscle lipid content was significantly lower in RM than in FM, while T1 was lower than T0. Intestinal activities of trypsin and α-amylase were significantly higher in T1 and RM groups compared with the other treatments. The hepatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were lower in T1 and RM groups compared with the other treatments, while hepatic glycogen, and malonaldehyde were significantly higher in T1 and RM groups. In serum, the total protein and globulin contents were significantly higher in T1 and RM groups, while albumin was significantly lower in the RM group compared to the FM group. High-throughput sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla among groups. The intestinal microbial diversity was higher in T1 and RM. Redundancy analysis showed that tannin, rapeseed meal, and intestinal trypsin activity were positively or negatively correlated with the relative abundance of several different intestinal microbiota at phylum and/or genus levels. The results indicated that 1.25% tannin could not be the main reason for the poor growth of grass carp of the RM group; however, the protein metabolism was disturbed, the absorption of carbohydrate was improved, and the accumulation of lipid had decreased. Furthermore, tannin and rapeseed meal supplementations modulated the intestinal microbiota, and may sequentially regulate the intestinal function by fermenting dietary nutrition, producing digestive enzymes, and modulating probiotics.

Dataset Information

Growth and Meat Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Responded to Dietary Protein (Soybean Meal) Level Through the Muscle Metabolism and Gene Expression of Myosin Heavy Chains.

Publications

Growth and Meat Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>) Responded to Dietary Protein (Soybean Meal) Level Through the Muscle Metabolism and Gene Expression of Myosin Heavy Chains.

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