Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities for New Treatment Options.

ABSTRACT: The prevalence of liver cancer is constantly rising, with increasing incidence and mortality in Europe and the USA in recent decades. Among the different subtypes of liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly diagnosed liver cancer. Besides advances in diagnosis and promising results of pre-clinical studies, HCC remains a highly lethal disease. In many cases, HCC is an effect of chronic liver inflammation, which leads to the formation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of immune and stromal cells. The TME of HCC patients is a challenge for therapies, as it is involved in metastasis and the development of resistance. However, given that the TME is an intricate system of immune and stromal cells interacting with cancer cells, new immune-based therapies

SUBMITTER: Sas Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8998420 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature