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Latency shortening with enhanced sparseness and responsiveness in V1 during active visual sensing.

ABSTRACT: In natural vision, neuronal responses to visual stimuli occur due to self-initiated eye movements. Here, we compare single-unit activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of non-human primates to flashed natural scenes (passive vision condition) to when they freely explore the images by self-initiated eye movements (active vision condition). Active vision enhances the number of neurons responding, and the response latencies become shorter and less variable across neurons. The increased responsiveness and shortened latency during active vision were not explained by increased visual contrast. While the neuronal activities in all layers of V1 show enhanced responsiveness and shortened latency, a significant increase in lifetime sparseness during active vision is observed only in the supragranular layer. These findings demonstrate that the neuronal responses become more distinct in active vision than passive vision, interpreted as consequences of top-down predictive mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Ito J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9001710 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Latency shortening with enhanced sparseness and responsiveness in V1 during active visual sensing.

Ito Junji J Joana Cristian C Yamane Yukako Y Fujita Ichiro I Tamura Hiroshi H Maldonado Pedro E PE Grün Sonja S

Scientific reports 20220411 1

In natural vision, neuronal responses to visual stimuli occur due to self-initiated eye movements. Here, we compare single-unit activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of non-human primates to flashed natural scenes (passive vision condition) to when they freely explore the images by self-initiated eye movements (active vision condition). Active vision enhances the number of neurons responding, and the response latencies become shorter and less variable across neurons. The increased responsiv ...[more]

PMID: 35410997

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Project description:Perception in multiple sensory modalities is an active process that involves exploratory behaviors. In humans and other primates, vision results from sensory sampling guided by saccadic eye movements. Saccades are known to modulate visual perception, and a corollary discharge signal associated with saccades appears to establish a sense of visual stability. Neural recordings have shown that saccades also modulate activity widely across the brain. To investigate the neural basis of saccadic effects on perception, simultaneous recordings from multiple neurons in area V1 were made as animals performed a contrast detection task. Perceptual and neural measures were compared when the animal made real saccades that brought a stimulus into V1 receptive fields and when simulated saccades were made (identical retinal stimulation but no eye movement). When real saccades were made and low spatial frequency stimuli were presented, we observed a reduction in both perceptual sensitivity and neural activity compared with simulated saccades; conversely, with higher spatial frequency stimuli, saccades increased visual sensitivity and neural activity. The performance of neural decoders, which used the activity of the population of simultaneously recorded neurons, showed saccade effects on sensitivity that mirrored the frequency-dependent perceptual changes, suggesting that the V1 population activity could support the perceptual effects. A minority of V1 neurons had significant choice probabilities, and the saccades decreased both average choice probability and pairwise noise correlations. Taken together, the findings suggest that a signal related to saccadic eye movements alters V1 spiking to increase the independence of spiking neurons and bias the system toward processing higher spatial frequencies, presumably to enhance object recognition. The effects of saccades on visual perception and noise correlations appear to parallel effects observed in other sensory modalities, suggesting a general principle of active sensory processing.

Project description:The physiology of mood regulation in the postpartum is poorly understood despite the fact that postpartum depression (PPD) is a common pathology. Serotonergic mechanisms and their dysfunction are widely presumed to be involved, which has led us to investigate whether lactation induces changes in central or peripheral serotonin (5-HT) systems and related affective behaviors. Brain sections from lactating (day 10 postpartum) and age-matched nulliparous (non-pregnant) C57BL/6J mice were processed for 5-HT immunohistochemistry. The total number of 5-HT immunostained cells and optical density were measured. Lactating mice exhibited lower immunoreactive 5-HT and intensity in the dorsal raphe nucleus when compared with nulliparous controls. Serum 5-HT was quantified from lactating and nulliparous mice using radioimmunoassay. Serum 5-HT concentrations were higher in lactating mice than in nulliparous controls. Affective behavior was assessed in lactating and non-lactating females ten days postpartum, as well as in nulliparous controls using the forced swim test (FST) and marble burying task (MBT). Animals were treated for the preceding five days with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI, citalopram, 5mg/kg/day) or vehicle. Lactating mice exhibited a lower baseline immobility time during the FST and buried fewer marbles during the MBT as compared to nulliparous controls. Citalopram treatment changed these behaviors in lactating mice with further reductions in immobility during the FST and decreased marble burying. In contrast, the same regimen of citalopram treatment had no effect on these behaviors in either non-lactating postpartum or nulliparous females. Our findings demonstrate changes in both central and peripheral 5-HT systems associated with lactation, independent of pregnancy. They also demonstrate a significant interaction of lactation and responsiveness to SSRI treatment, which has important implications in the treatment of PPD. Although recent evidence has cast doubt on the effectiveness of SSRIs, these results support their therapeutic use in the treatment of PPD.

Dataset Information

Latency shortening with enhanced sparseness and responsiveness in V1 during active visual sensing.

Publications

Latency shortening with enhanced sparseness and responsiveness in V1 during active visual sensing.

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