Dataset Information

In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms.

ABSTRACT: Several traditional Japanese Kampo formulas are known to have inhibitory effects on infections with viruses that cause respiratory symptoms. Although some herbs and their components have been reported to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, it is difficult to compare effective Kampo formulas because of the different methods used in studies. Thus, we carried out in vitro experiments on the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Kampo formulas and crude drugs used for the common cold to compare their suppressive effects on virus infection. After infecting VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells with SARS-CoV-2, lysates of the Kampo formulas and crude drugs were added, and after 24 h, the infectious titer in the medium was measured by the TCID₅₀ method. Maoto was the most effective among the Kampo formulas, and Ephedrae herba was the most effective among the constituent crude drugs. However, a comparison of the suppressive effects of Ephedrae herba and Kampo formulas containing Ephedrae herba showed that the suppressive effect on virus infection did not depend on the content of Ephedrae herba. Based on the results, we believe that the use of Maoto among Kampo formulas is suitable as a countermeasure against COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Kakimoto M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9002321 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms.

Kakimoto Masaki M Nomura Toshihito T Nazmul Tanuza T Kitagawa Hiroki H Kanno Keishi K Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko K Ohge Hiroki H Ito Masanori M Sakaguchi Takemasa T

Frontiers in pharmacology 20220329

Several traditional Japanese Kampo formulas are known to have inhibitory effects on infections with viruses that cause respiratory symptoms. Although some herbs and their components have been reported to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, it is difficult to compare effective Kampo formulas because of the different methods used in studies. Thus, we carried out in vitro experiments on the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Kampo formulas and crude drugs used for the common ...[more]

PMID: 35422704

Similar Datasets

Project description:Shinkiku (Massa Medicata Fermentata) is a traditional crude drug used to treat anorexia and dyspepsia of elder patients in east Asia. Shinkiku is generally prepared by the microbial fermentation of wheat and herbs. Shinkiku is also used in Japanese Kampo medicine as a component of (Hangebyakujutsutemmato). However, the quality of shinkiku varies by manufacture because there are no reference standards to control the quality of medicinal shinkiku. Thus, we aim to characterize the quality of various commercially available shinkiku by chemical and microbial analysis. We collected 13 shinkiku products manufactured in China and Korea and investigated the microbial structure and chemical constituents. Amplicon sequence analysis revealed that Aspergillus sp. was common microorganism in shinkiku products. Digestive enzymes (α-amylase, protease, and lipase), organic acids (ferulic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid), and 39 volatile compounds were commonly found in shinkiku products. Although there were some commonalities in shinkiku products, microbial and chemical characteristic considerably differed as per the manufacturer. Aspergillus sp. was predominant in Korean products, and Korean products showed higher enzyme activities than Chinese products. Meanwhile, Bacillus sp. was commonly detected in Chinese shinkiku, and ferulic acid was higher in Chinese products. Principal component analysis based on the GC-MS peak area of the volatiles also clearly distinguished shinkiku products manufactured in China from those in Korea. Chinese products contained higher amounts of benzaldehyde and anethole than Korean ones. Korean products were further separated into two groups: one with relatively higher linalool and terpinen-4-ol and another with higher hexanoic acid and 1-octen-3-ol. Thus, our study revealed the commonality and diversity of commercial shinkiku products, in which the commonalities can possibly be the reference standard for quality control of shinkiku, and the diversity suggested the importance of microbial management to stabilize the quality of shinkiku.

Project description:An optimization approach based on full factorial design was employed for developing an HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of a quaternary mixture used for the treatment of symptoms related to common cold and COVID-19. The quaternary mixture is composed of paracetamol, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, phenylephrine hydrochloride and ambroxol hydrochloride. The developed technique is a green, fast and simple method that uses isocratic elution of mobile phase consisting of 20:5:75 (v/v) of ethanol: acetonitrile: 2.5 mM heptane-1-sulphonic acid sodium salt at pH 6.5 [Formula: see text] 0.02. The chromatographic separation was carried out using Hypersil BDS Cyano LC Column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 230 nm UV detection and 1.0 mL/min. flow rate. Avoiding the routine methodology and resorting to the modern technology-represented in the usage of experimental design-allows rapid determination of the four drugs using the optimum quantity of chemicals to avoid any waste of resources. The quaternary mixture was eluted in less than 9 min., where retention times of paracetamol, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, phenylephrine hydrochloride and ambroxol hydrochloride were found to be 2.2, 3.8, 6.6 and 8.8 min., respectively. The calibration graphs of the four drugs were linear over concentration ranges of 50.0-500.0, 0.5-20.0, 0.5-20.0 and 0.5-100.0 µg/mL for paracetamol, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, phenylephrine hydrochloride and ambroxol hydrochloride, respectively with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. The method is accurate with mean recoveries between 99.87 and 100.04%, precise, as %RSD for the intraday and interday precision were between 0.61 and 1.64% and very sensitive with limit of detections (LOD)'s between 29 and 147 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ)'s between 95 and 485 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the four drugs either in raw materials or in prepared tablet with the least amount of chemicals within short time. It is also validated following International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. The proposed method was found to be green according to the most common greenness assessment tools; NEMI, GAPI, Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE methods. The advantages of the proposed method qualify it for routine analysis of the studied drugs either in single or co-formulated dosage form in quality control labs.

Dataset Information

In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms.

Publications

<i>In vitro</i> Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets