Dataset Information

Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta: Regulatory Roles and Clinical Utility.

ABSTRACT: The placenta is a vital organ formed during pregnancy, and being the interface between the mother and fetus, it is paramount that placental functioning is strictly controlled. Gene expression in the placenta is finely tuned-with aberrant expression causing placental pathologies and inducing stress on both mother and fetus. Gene regulation is brought upon by several mechanisms, and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have recently been appreciated for their contribution in gene repression. Their dysregulation has been implicated in a range of somatic and inherited disorders, highlighting their importance in maintaining healthy organ function. Their specific roles within the placenta, however, are not well understood, and require further exploration. To this end, we summarize the mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), their known contributions to human placental health and disease, the relevance of sncRNAs as promising biomarkers throughout pregnancy, and the current challenges faced by placental sncRNA studies.

SUBMITTER: Telkar N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9006164 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta: Regulatory Roles and Clinical Utility.

Telkar Nikita N Stewart Greg L GL Pewarchuk Michelle E ME Cohn David E DE Robinson Wendy P WP Lam Wan L WL

Frontiers in genetics 20220330

The placenta is a vital organ formed during pregnancy, and being the interface between the mother and fetus, it is paramount that placental functioning is strictly controlled. Gene expression in the placenta is finely tuned-with aberrant expression causing placental pathologies and inducing stress on both mother and fetus. Gene regulation is brought upon by several mechanisms, and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have recently been appreciated for their contribution in gene repression. Their dysr ...[more]

PMID: 35432451

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Project description:Beet curly top virus (BCTV) mediated yield loss in sugar beets is a major problem worldwide. The circular single-stranded DNA virus is transmitted by the beet leafhopper. Genetic sources of BCTV resistance in sugar beet are limited and commercial cultivars rely on chemical treatments versus durable genetic resistance. Phenotypic selection and double haploid production have resulted in sugar beet germplasm (KDH13; 13 and KDH4-9; 4) that are highly resistant to BCTV. The molecular mechanism of resistance to the virus is unknown, especially the role of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) during early plant-viral interaction. Using the resistant lines along with a susceptible line (KDH19-17; 19), we demonstrate the role of sugar beet microRNAs (miRNAs) in BCTV resistance during early infection stages when symptoms are not yet visible. The differentially expressed miRNAs altered the expression of their corresponding target genes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase (EL10Ac1g02046), carboxylesterase (EL10Ac1g01087), serine/threonine protein phosphatase (EL10Ac1g01374), and leucine-rich repeats (LRR) receptor-like (EL10Ac7g17778), that were highly expressed in the resistant lines versus susceptible lines. Pathway enrichment analysis of the miRNA target genes showed an enrichment of genes involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose metabolism, starch, and sucrose metabolism to name a few. Carbohydrate analysis revealed altered glucose, galactose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations in the infected leaves of resistant versus susceptible lines. We also demonstrate differential regulation of BCTV derived sncRNAs in the resistant versus susceptible lines that target sugar beet genes such as LRR (EL10Ac1g01206), 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase (EL10Ac5g12605), and transmembrane emp24 domain containing (EL10Ac6g14074) and altered their expression. In response to viral infection, we found that plant derived miRNAs targeted BCTV capsid protein/replication related genes and showed differences in expression among resistant and susceptible lines. The data presented here demonstrate the contribution of miRNA mediated regulation of metabolic pathways and cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) in sugar beet BCTV resistance.

Dataset Information

Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta: Regulatory Roles and Clinical Utility.

Publications

Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta: Regulatory Roles and Clinical Utility.

Similar Datasets

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