Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Animal experiments indicate that environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke, can have multigenerational effects through the germline. However, there are little data on multigenerational effects of smoking in humans. We examined the associations between grandmothers' smoking while pregnant and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in her grandchildren.

Methods

Our study population included 53,653 Nurses' Health Study II (NHS-II) participants (generation 1 [G1]), their mothers (generation 0 [G0]), and their 120,467 live-born children (generation 2 [G2]). In secondary analyses, we used data from 23,844 mothers of the nurses who were participants in the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study (NMCS), a substudy of NHS-II.

Results

The prevalence of G

SUBMITTER: Yim G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9010055 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature