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Changes in ganglioside antibody positivity rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: Reports suggested an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and GBS, but subsequent studies produced conflicting results regarding the incidence of GBS during the pandemic. This study assessed positivity rates for GQ1b, GM-1, GD1a, and GD1b for tests performed January 2016, through March 2021, at a national laboratory. Relative to pre-pandemic levels, positivity rates during the pandemic declined by 61% for GQ1b and 24% for GM-1, while unchanged for GD1a and GD1b. These findings suggest heterogeneity with positivity rates of GBS-associated ganglioside antibodies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mitigation strategies during the pandemic may have reduced the frequency of certain forms of GBS.

SUBMITTER: Racke MK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9023361 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in ganglioside antibody positivity rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Racke Michael K MK Niles Justin K JK Lorenz Raymond A RA Kaufman Harvey W HW

Journal of neuroimmunology 20220422

Reports suggested an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and GBS, but subsequent studies produced conflicting results regarding the incidence of GBS during the pandemic. This study assessed positivity rates for GQ1b, GM-1, GD1a, and GD1b for tests performed January 2016, through March 2021, at a national laboratory. Relative to pre-pandemic levels, positivity rates during the pandemic declined by 61% for GQ1b and 24% for GM-1, while unchanged for GD1a and GD1b. These findings suggest hetero ...[more]

PMID: 35490444

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Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused an abrupt drop in in-person health care (inpatient, Emergency Department, outpatient) and an increase in telehealth care, which poses challenges in vaccine safety studies that identify outcomes from in-person encounters. We examined the changes in incidence rates of selected encounter-based outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe assembled a cohort of members from 8 Vaccine Safety Datalink sites from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2020. Using ICD-10 diagnosis codes or laboratory criteria, we identified 21 incident outcomes in traditional in-person settings and all settings. We defined 4 periods in 2020: January-February (pre-pandemic), April-June (early pandemic), July-September (middle pandemic), and October-December (late pandemic). We defined four corresponding periods in each year during 2017-2019. We calculated incidence rates, conducted difference in difference (DiD) analyses, and reported ratios of incidence rate ratios (RRR) to examine changes in rates from pre-pandemic to early, middle, and late pandemic in 2020, after adjusting for changes across similar periods in 2017-2019.ResultsAmong > 10 million members, regardless of setting and after adjusting for changes during 2017-2019, we found that incidence rates of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, encephalitis/myelitis/encephalomyelitis/meningoencephalitis, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura did not significantly change from the pre-pandemic to early, middle or late pandemic periods (p-values ≥ 0.05). Incidence rates decreased from the pre-pandemic to early pandemic period during 2020 for acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, appendicitis, Bell's palsy, convulsions/seizures, Guillain-Barré syndrome, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), narcolepsy/cataplexy, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (p-values < 0.05). Incidence rates of Bell's palsy, ITP, and narcolepsy/cataplexy were higher in all settings than in traditional in-person settings during the three pandemic periods (p-values < 0.05).ConclusionRates of some clinical outcomes during the pandemic changed and should not be used as historical background rates in vaccine safety studies. Inclusion of telehealth visits should be considered for vaccine studies involving Bell's palsy, ITP, and narcolepsy/cataplexy.

Dataset Information

Changes in ganglioside antibody positivity rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publications

Changes in ganglioside antibody positivity rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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