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Vaccine-induced and naturally-acquired protection against Omicron and Delta symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes, France, December 2021 to January 2022.

ABSTRACT: We assessed the protection conferred by naturally-acquired, vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity during the concomitant Omicron and Delta epidemic waves in France on symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19. The greatest levels of protection against both variants were provided by hybrid immunity. Protection against Omicron symptomatic infections was systematically lower and waned at higher speed than against Delta in those vaccinated. In contrast, there were little differences in variant-specific protection against severe inpatient outcomes in symptomatic individuals.

SUBMITTER: Suarez Castillo M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9027152 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Vaccine-induced and naturally-acquired protection against Omicron and Delta symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes, France, December 2021 to January 2022.

Suarez Castillo Milena M Khaoua Hamid H Courtejoie Noémie N

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 20220401 16

We assessed the protection conferred by naturally-acquired, vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity during the concomitant Omicron and Delta epidemic waves in France on symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19. The greatest levels of protection against both variants were provided by hybrid immunity. Protection against Omicron symptomatic infections was systematically lower and waned at higher speed than against Delta in those vaccinated. In contrast, there were little differences in variant-specifi ...[more]

PMID: 35451363

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Tracking the progressive spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Italy, December 2021 to January 2022.

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| S-EPMC9650705 | biostudies-literature

Temporal, age and geographical variation in vaccine efficacy against infection by the Delta and Omicron variants in the community in France, December 2021 to March 2022.

Project description:ObjectivesQuantify how the vaccine efficacy of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AD26.COV2-S, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against detected infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants varied by time since last dose, vaccine scheme, age and geographic areas.MethodsWe analyzed 3,261,749 community PCR tests conducted by private laboratories in France in December 2021 to March 2022 with a test-negative design comparing vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals.ResultsEfficacy against detected infection by Delta was 89% [95% CI, 86 - 91%] at two weeks down to 59% [56-61%] at 26 weeks and more after the second dose. Efficacy against Omicron was 48% [45-51%] at two weeks, down to 4% [2-5%] at 16 weeks after the second dose. A third dose temporarily restored efficacy. Efficacy against Omicron was lower in children and the elderly. Geographical variability in efficacy may reflect variability in the ratio of number of contacts of vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals. This ratio ranged from 0 to +50% across departments, and correlated with the number of restaurants and bars per inhabitants (beta = 15.0 [0.75 - 29], p-value = 0.04), places that only vaccinated individuals could access in the study period.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines conferred low and transient protection against Omicron infection.

| S-EPMC10176971 | biostudies-literature

Genomic Variability of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Circulating in the Russian Federation during Early December 2021 and Late January 2022.

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| S-EPMC9786029 | biostudies-literature

Effectiveness of mRNA booster vaccine among health Care workers in New York City during the omicron surge, December 2021- January 2022

Project description:Objectives To describe effectiveness of mRNA vaccines by comparing 2-dose (2D) and 3-dose (3D) healthcare worker (HCW) recipients in the setting of Omicron variant dominance. Performance of 2D and 3D vaccine series against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the clinical outcomes of HCWs may inform return-to-work guidance. Methods In a retrospective study from December 15, 2020 – January 15, 2022, SARS CoV-2 infections among HCWs at a large tertiary cancer center in New York City (NYC) were examined to estimate infection rates over the omicron period (aggregated positive tests/person-days) and 95% CIs in 2D and 3D mRNA vaccinated HCWs and were compared using rate ratios. We describe the clinical features of post-vaccine infections and impact of prior (pre-Omicron) COVID infection on vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results Among the 20,857 HCWs in our cohort, 20,660 completed the 2D series with an mRNA vaccine during our study period and 12,461 had received a third dose by January 15, 2022. The infection rate ratio for 2D vs. 3D vaccinated HCWs was 0.667 (95% CI 0.623, 0.713) for an estimated 3D VE of 33.2% compared to 2 doses only during the Omicron dominant period from 12/15/21- 1/15/22. Breakthrough (BT) Omicron infections after 3D + 14 days occurred in 1315 HCWs. Omicron infections were mild, with 16% of 3D and 11% 2D HCWs being asymptomatic. Conclusions Study demonstrates improved vaccine-derived protection against COVID-19 infection in 3D vs. 2D mRNA vaccinees during the Omicron surge. The advantage of 3D vaccination was maintained irrespective of prior COVID-19 infection status.

| S-EPMC9345790 | biostudies-literature

Reduced risk of hospitalisation among reported COVID-19 cases infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant compared with the Delta variant, Norway, December 2021 to January 2022.

Project description:We included 39,524 COVID-19 Omicron and 51,481 Delta cases reported in Norway from December 2021 to January 2022. We estimated a 73% reduced risk of hospitalisation (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.36) for Omicron compared with Delta. Compared with unvaccinated groups, Omicron cases who had completed primary two-dose vaccination 7-179 days before diagnosis had a lower reduced risk than Delta (66% vs 93%). People vaccinated with three doses had a similar risk reduction (86% vs 88%).

| S-EPMC8796289 | biostudies-literature

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infection in adolescents, Norway, August 2021 to January 2022.

Project description:ObjectivesWe estimated the BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any (symptomatic or not) SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infection among adolescents (aged 12-17 years) in Norway from August 2021 to January 2022.MethodsWe used Cox proportional hazard models, where vaccine status was included as a time-varying covariate and models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, residence county, birth country, and living conditions.ResultsThe VE against Delta infection peaked at 68% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64-71%) and 62% (95% CI: 57-66%) in days 21-48 after the first dose among those aged 12-15 years and 16-17 years, respectively. Among those aged 16-17 years who received two doses, the VE against Delta infection peaked at 93% (95% CI: 90-95%) in days 35-62 and decreased to 84% (95% CI: 76-89%) in ≥63 days after vaccination. We did not observe a protective effect against Omicron infection after receiving one dose. Among those aged 16-17 years, the VE against Omicron infection peaked at 53% (95% CI: 43-62%) in 7-34 days after the second dose and decreased to 23% (95% CI: 3-40%) in ≥63 days after vaccination.ConclusionWe found a reduced protection after two BNT162b2 vaccine doses against any Omicron infection compared to Delta. Effectiveness decreased with time from vaccination for both variants. The impact of vaccination among adolescents on reducing infection and thus transmission is limited during the Omicron dominance.

| S-EPMC9991321 | biostudies-literature

The severity of the first 207 infections with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant, in Marseille, France, December 2021-February 2022.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9088598 | biostudies-literature

Vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection against symptomatic infections and severe Covid-19 outcomes in adults aged 50 years and over, France, January to mid-December 2021.

Project description:BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 continues to spread despite fast vaccine rollout, which could be attributed to waning immunity or to a reduced protection against some variants. A thorough characterization of vaccine protection and its duration in time is needed to inform vaccination policies and enhance public trust.MethodsWe linked three national databases with exhaustive information on screening, vaccination and hospitalizations in France from January 1st to December 12, 2021. We performed a two-step analysis to estimate vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes of Covid-19 (requiring hospitalization) in people aged 50 years or over, combining: (i) a test-negative case-control design to assess vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infections; and (ii) a survival analysis to assess the additional protection against severe outcomes (hospitalizations, ICU admissions and inpatient deaths) in infected individuals.FindingsWe found a high vaccine effectiveness in people aged 50 years or more, reaching 82% against symptomatic infections and 94% against hospitalizations, after a full vaccination scheme with the Covid-19 vaccines used in France.Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infections decreased over time, dropping to 53% after six months, but remained high against severe outcomes (90% after six months). The booster dose allowed restoring protection levels above 90% against symptomatic infections. Vaccine protection and its evolution in time, showed little difference against the variants that circulated prior to December 2021 in France, including the Delta variant.InterpretationThough vaccine immunity decreases over time, vaccination remains crucial to provide individual protection against severe outcomes requiring hospitalization. This decline can be reversed by the receipt of a booster dose.

| S-EPMC9135646 | biostudies-literature

Risk of reinfection and severity with the predominant BA.5 Omicron subvariant China, from December 2022 to January 2023.

Project description:Data on reinfection in large Asian populations are limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the reinfection rate, disease severity, and time interval between the infections in the symptomatic and asymptomatic populations which are firstl infected with BA.2 Omicron Variant. We retrospectively included adult patients with COVID-19 discharged from four designated hospitals between 27 April 2021 and 30 November 2022, who were interviewed via telephone from 29 January to 1 March 2023. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to explore risk factors associated with reinfection. A total of 16,558 patients were followed up, during the telephone survey of an average of 310.0 days, 1610 (9.72%) participants self-reported reinfection. The mean time range of reinfection was 257.9 days. The risks for reinfection were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Patients with severe first infection were at higher risk for reinfection (aORs, 2.50; P < 0.001). The male (aORs,0.82; P < 0.001), the elderly (aORs, 0.44; P < 0.001), and patients with full vaccination (aORs, 0.67; P < 0.001) or booster (aORs, 0.63; P < 0.001) had the lower risk of reinfection. Patients over 60 years of age (aORs,9.02; P = 0.006) and those with ≥2 comorbidities (aORs,11.51; P = 0.016). were at higher risk for severe reinfection. The number of clinical manifestations of reinfection increases in people with severe first infection (aORs, 2.82; P = 0.023). The overall reinfection rate was 9.72%, and the reinfection rate of Omicron-to-Omicron subvariants was 9.50% at one year. The severity of Omicron-Omicron reinfection decreased. Data from our clinical study may provide clinical evidence and bolster response preparedness for future COVID-19 reinfection waves.

| S-EPMC10849001 | biostudies-literature

Avian influenza overview December 2021 - March 2022.

Project description:Between 9 December 2021 and 15 March 2022, 2,653 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 33 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (1,030), in wild (1,489) and in captive birds (133). The outbreaks in poultry were mainly reported by France (609), where two spatiotemporal clusters have been identified since October 2021, followed by Italy (131), Hungary (73) and Poland (53); those reporting countries accounted together for 12.8 of the 17.5 million birds that were culled in the HPAI affected poultry establishments in this reporting period. The majority of the detections in wild birds were reported by Germany (767), the Netherlands (293), the UK (118) and Denmark (74). HPAI A(H5) was detected in a wide range of host species in wild birds, indicating an increasing and changing risk for virus incursion into poultry farms. The observed persistence and continuous circulation of HPAI viruses in migratory and resident wild birds will continue to pose a risk for the poultry industry in Europe for the coming months. This requires the definition and the rapid implementation of suitable and sustainable HPAI mitigation strategies such as appropriate biosecurity measures, surveillance plans and early detection measures in the different poultry production systems. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the viruses currently circulating in Europe belong to clade 2.3.4.4b. Some of these viruses were also detected in wild mammal species in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Finland and Ireland showing genetic markers of adaptation to replication in mammals. Since the last report, the UK reported one human infection with A(H5N1), China 17 human infections with A(H5N6), and China and Cambodia 15 infections with A(H9N2) virus. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as low, and for occupationally exposed people, low to medium.

| S-EPMC8978176 | biostudies-literature

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