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Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds in Food: Critical Review of Issues and Prospects.

ABSTRACT: This review paper gives an insight into the effective delivery mechanisms for health-promoting substances and highlights the challenges of using antioxidants and bioactives in foods. The selection criteria for choosing bioactives and their extraction in bioavailable form with their adequate incorporation techniques and delivery mechanisms are covered. Moreover, an overview of existing methods for determination of bioactivity is given. The importance of scientifically evaluating the effects of foods or food components on consumer health before making claims about the healthiness is aligned. Finally, a scientific perspective on how to respond to the booming demand for health-promoting products is given, and we acknowledge that despite the work done, there are still many challenges that need to be overcome.

SUBMITTER: Kurek M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9029822 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds in Food: Critical Review of Issues and Prospects.

Kurek Mia M Benaida-Debbache Nadjet N Elez Garofulić Ivona I Galić Kata K Avallone Sylvie S Voilley Andrée A Waché Yves Y

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 20220408 4

This review paper gives an insight into the effective delivery mechanisms for health-promoting substances and highlights the challenges of using antioxidants and bioactives in foods. The selection criteria for choosing bioactives and their extraction in bioavailable form with their adequate incorporation techniques and delivery mechanisms are covered. Moreover, an overview of existing methods for determination of bioactivity is given. The importance of scientifically evaluating the effects of fo ...[more]

PMID: 35453425

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Project description:The rising demand for health promoting functional foods has sparked interest in diversifying diets by incorporating innovative items like edible flowers. Considering this, the nutritional composition, bioactive properties and antinutritional factors of the flowers of eight marigold genotypes (M1 to M8) were quantified and compared to elucidate their value and safety as functional food. The study outcomes highlighted significant differences among the genotypes for most of the attributes. Anthocyanin, carotenoid and lutein contents were observed within a range of 0.02 to1.90 mg/100 g, 5.02 to 11.08 mg/100 g and 0.19 to 9.78 µg/g, respectively. The content of sugars, β-carotene, vitamins (C and E) and minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron) were also found to be present in substantial amounts. The analysis of bioactive compounds revealed the richness in total phenolic (TPC) (428.58 to 592.71 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g) and flavonoid content (TFC) (135.06 to 233.39 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g). Among the assessed antinutrients, alkaloid, tannin and saponin exceeded permissible limits in the studied genotypes, while phytate remained within the safe range. However, the elevated levels of these antinutrients would not pose any problem if processed through methods such as soaking, boiling or cooking. Out of eight genotypes, M1 had the highest content of anthocyanin (1.90 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (21.63 mg/100 g), and antioxidant activities. M5 stood out with the highest levels of TSS (6.10 °Brix), β-carotene (0.50 mg/100 g), vitamin C (28.61 mg/100 g), Ca (225.33 mg/100 g), and TPC (592.71 mg GAE/100 g), while M6 contained significant amounts of carotenoids (11.08 mg/100 g) and TFC (232.41 mg QE/100 g). Principal component analysis and cluster dendrogram findings further confirmed that among the eight studied genotypes, M1, M5 and M6 genotypes were found as the most prominent with the remarkable contributions of the majority of the studied variables. Hence, these marigold genotypes could be considered as promising options to improve and diversify healthy diets, potentially serving as valuable sources of dietary supplements and functional food ingredients.

Project description:Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics of brain tumor cells virtually render them resistant to the majority of conventional and advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key disruptor of normal brain homeostasis and is involved in carcinogenesis of different forms of brain cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced by various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized to inhibit cancer initiation by endorsing DNA repair and suppressing cancer progression by creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting in antiproliferative effects. These effects are referred to as chemopreventive effects mediated by an antioxidant mechanism. In addition, antioxidants minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity and prolong survival. Antioxidants also support the prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses and trigger OS by promoting free radical production, which is essential for activating cell death pathways. A growing body of evidence also revealed the roles of exogenous antioxidants as adjuvants and their ability to reverse chemoresistance. In this review, we explain the influences of different exogenous and endogenous antioxidants on brain cancers with reference to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic roles. The role of antioxidants on metabolic reprogramming and their influence on downstream signaling events induced by tumor suppressor gene mutations are critically discussed. Finally, the review hypothesized that both pro- and antioxidant roles are involved in the anticancer mechanisms of the antioxidant molecules by killing neoplastic cells and inhibiting tumor recurrence followed by conventional cancer treatments. The requirements of pro- and antioxidant effects of exogenous antioxidants in brain tumor treatment under different conditions are critically discussed along with the reasons behind the conflicting outcomes in different reports. Finally, we also mention the influencing factors that regulate the pharmacology of the exogenous antioxidants in brain cancer treatment. In conclusion, to achieve consistent clinical outcomes with antioxidant treatments in brain cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies are required with respect to the types, forms, and stages of brain tumors. The concomitant treatment regimens also need adequate consideration.

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Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds in Food: Critical Review of Issues and Prospects.

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Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds in Food: Critical Review of Issues and Prospects.

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