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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Late Complications in Type 1 Diabetes.

ABSTRACT: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of pancreatic β cells leads to hyperglycemia. The prevention of hyperglycemia is very important to avoid or at least postpone the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, also known as late complications. These include diabetic retinopathy, chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of long-term hyperglycemia has been shown to persist long after the normalization of blood glucose levels, a phenomenon known as metabolic memory. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, play an important role in metabolic memory. The aim of this review is to address the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on epigenetic marks in late complications of type 1 diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Cugalj Kern B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9029845 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Late Complications in Type 1 Diabetes.

Čugalj Kern Barbara B Trebušak Podkrajšek Katarina K Kovač Jernej J Šket Robert R Jenko Bizjan Barbara B Tesovnik Tine T Debeljak Maruša M Battelino Tadej T Bratina Nataša N

Genes 20220415 4

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of pancreatic β cells leads to hyperglycemia. The prevention of hyperglycemia is very important to avoid or at least postpone the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, also known as late complications. These include diabetic retinopathy, chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of long-term hyperglycemia has been shown to persist long after the normalization of blo ...[more]

PMID: 35456511

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Project description:Background:Increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) as a complex disease, its complications, and spread has become a dominant global health threat in recent decades. Objective:The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of risk factors and transition probability on the development and progression of the late complications of T2DM. Methods:This study was an open cohort one which was conducted at Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center (IEMRC). The data were collected from 1993 to 2018. The sample size consisted of 2519 adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We applied the homogeneous multistate models including no complication, retinopathy alone, coronary artery disease (CAD), microalbuminuria, retinopathy and CAD, and the final absorbing mortality states. Results:Based on our results, time-varying hypertension strongly intensified the hazard of transition to mortality in CAD, no complication, CAD and retinopathy, and retinopathy patients by 4.99, 4.09, 3.42, and 2.65 times, respectively. Hypertension seemed to be a potential factor for the transition of microalbuminuria to no complication in diabetic patients. One-unit increase in LDL increased the hazard ratio of transition from CAD, and retinopathy and CAD to mortality by 1.8% and 2.4%, respectively. Moreover, one level increase in time-varying HbA1c increased the hazard ratio of transition to retinopathy and mortality among no complication diabetic patients by 30% and 67%, respectively. One level increase in time-varying HbA1c also intensified the hazard ratio of transition from retinopathy to mortality by 45%. The same level of increase in time-varying HbA1c also intensified the hazard ratio of transition from CAD alone to CAD and retinopathy, and microalbuminuria to retinopathy by 26% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion:In addition to glycemic control, our study indicates that controlling hypertension and hyperlipidemia is more effective in reducing mortality and the diabetic macro- and microvascular complications.

Dataset Information

The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Late Complications in Type 1 Diabetes.

Publications

The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Late Complications in Type 1 Diabetes.

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