Deep-Tissue Activation of Photonanomedicines: An Update and Clinical Perspectives.

ABSTRACT: With the continued development of nanomaterials over the past two decades, specialized photonanomedicines (light-activable nanomedicines, PNMs) have evolved to become excitable by alternative energy sources that typically penetrate tissue deeper than visible light. These sources include electromagnetic radiation lying outside the visible near-infrared spectrum, high energy particles, and acoustic waves, amongst others. Various direct activation mechanisms have leveraged unique facets of specialized nanomaterials, such as upconversion, scintillation, and radiosensitization, as well as several others, in order to activate PNMs. Other indirect activation mechanisms have leveraged the effect of the interaction of deeply penetrating energy sources with tissue in order to activate proximal PNMs.

SUBMITTER: Shah N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9032169 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature