Dataset Information

Acute Kidney Injury and 3-Year Mortality in Elderly Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate whether acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with 3-year mortality in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery.

Methods

The present study was a 3-year follow-up study of two randomized controlled trials. A total of 1,319 elderly patients who received non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia were screened. AKI was diagnosed by the elevation of serum creatinine within a 7-day postoperative period according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. A long-term telephonic follow-up was undertaken by investigators who were not involved in the previous two trials and had no access to the study group assignment. The date of death was taken from the official medical death certificate. The primary outcome was to investigate the association between AKI and postoperative 3-year mortality using the multivariable Cox regression risk model.

Results

Of the 1,297 elderly patients (mean age 71.8 ± 7.2 years old) who were included in the study, the incidence of AKI was 15.5% (201/1297). Of the patients with AKI, 85% (170/201) were at stage 1, 10% (20/201) at stage 2, and 5% (11/201) at stage 3. The 3-year all-cause mortality was 28.9% (58/201) in patients with AKI and 24.0% (263/1,096) in patients without AKI (hazard ratio 1.247, 95% confidence interval 0.939-1.657, P = 0.128). The multivariable Cox regression showed that AKI was not associated with 3-year mortality after adjustment of confounding factors (adjusted hazard ratio 1.045, 95% confidence interval 0.780-1.401, P = 0.766).

Conclusions

AKI was a common postoperative complication, but it was not associated with 3-year mortality in elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery. The low incidence of severe AKI might underestimate its underlying association with long-term mortality.

SUBMITTER: Wu QF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9039224 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Acute Kidney Injury and 3-Year Mortality in Elderly Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery.

Wu Qiong-Fang QF Xing Mao-Wei MW Hu Wen-Jun WJ Su Xian X Zhang Dan-Feng DF Mu Dong-Liang DL Wang Dong-Xin DX

Frontiers in medicine 20220412

<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to investigate whether acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with 3-year mortality in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery.<h4>Methods</h4>The present study was a 3-year follow-up study of two randomized controlled trials. A total of 1,319 elderly patients who received non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia were screened. AKI was diagnosed by the elevation of serum creatinine within a 7-day postoperative period according to Kidney Disease: ...[more]

PMID: 35492304

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a clinical condition with poor prognosis. The incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients was about 22-57%. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) are particularly exposed to AKI because of the related oxidative stress, inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Hence, the risk profile of patients undergoing CS who develop AKI and who are consequently at increased mortality risk deserves further investigation.MethodsWe designed a retrospective study examining consecutive patients undergoing any type of open-heart surgery from January to December 2018. Patients with a history of AKI were excluded. AKI was diagnosed according to KDIGO criteria. Univariate associations between clinical variables and AKI were tested using logistic regression analysis. Variable thresholds maximizing the association with AKI were measured with the Youden index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of AKI through backward selection. Mortality risk factors were assessed through the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsWe studied 158 patients (mean age 51.2±9.7 years) of which 74.7% were males. Types of procedures performed were: isolated coronary artery bypass (CABG, 50.6%), valve (28.5%), aortic (3.2%) and combined (17.7%) surgery. Overall, incidence of AKI was 34.2%. At multivariable analysis, young age (p = 0.016), low blood glucose levels (p = 0.028), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (p = 0.007), pH (p = 0.008), type of intervention (p = 0.031), prolonged extracorporeal circulation (ECC, p = 0.028) and cross-clamp (p = 0.021) times were associated with AKI. The threshold for detecting AKI were 91 and 51 minutes for ECC and cross-clamp times, respectively. At survival analysis, the presence of AKI, prolonged ECC and cross-clamp times, and low blood glucose levels forecasted mortality.ConclusionsAKI is common among CS patients and associates with shortened life-expectancy. Several pre-operative and intra-operative predictors are associated with AKI and future mortality. Future studies, aiming at improving prognosis in high-risk patients, by a stricter control of these factors, are awaited.

Project description:ObjectivesAcute kidney injury is a frequent complication of cardiac surgery and increases morbidity and mortality. As preoperative biomarkers predicting the development of acute kidney injury are not available, we have tested the hypothesis that preoperative plasma levels of endogenous ouabain may function as this type of biomarker.Rationale and designEndogenous ouabain is an adrenal stress hormone associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Its involvement in acute kidney injury is unknown. With studies in patients and animal settings, including isolated podocytes, we tested the above mentioned hypothesis.PatientsPreoperative endogenous ouabain was measured in 407 patients admitted for elective cardiac surgery and in a validation population of 219 other patients. We also studied the effect of prolonged elevations of circulating exogenous ouabain on renal parameters in rats and the influence of ouabain on podocyte proteins both "in vivo" and "in vitro."Main resultsIn the first group of patients, acute kidney injury (2.8%, 8.3%, 20.3%, p < 0.001) and ICU stay (1.4±0.38, 1.7±0.41, 2.4±0.59 days, p = 0.014) increased with each incremental preoperative endogenous ouabain tertile. In a linear regression analysis, the circulating endogenous ouabain value before surgery was the strongest predictor of acute kidney injury. In the validation cohort, acute kidney injury (0%, 5.9%, 8.2%, p < 0.0001) and ICU stay (1.2±0.09, 1.4±0.23, 2.2±0.77 days, p = 0.003) increased with the preoperative endogenous ouabain tertile. Values for preoperative endogenous ouabain significantly improved (area under curve: 0.85) risk prediction over the clinical score alone as measured by integrate discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement. Finally, in the rat model, elevated circulating ouabain reduced creatinine clearance (-18%, p < 0.05), increased urinary protein excretion (+ 54%, p < 0.05), and reduced expression of podocyte nephrin (-29%, p < 0.01). This last finding was replicated ex vivo by incubating podocyte primary cell cultures with low-dose ouabain.ConclusionsPreoperative plasma endogenous ouabain levels are powerful biomarkers of acute kidney injury and postoperative complications and may be a direct cause of podocyte damage.

Project description:ObjectiveRecent studies have indicated that patients (both with and without diabetes) with elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) have a higher rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. However, whether HbA1c could help to predict post-operative AKI in patients after non-cardiac surgery is less clear. This study aims to explore the predictive value of pre-operative HbA1c for post-operative AKI in non-cardiac surgery.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of patients (≥ 18 years old) who underwent non-cardiac surgery between 2011 and 2020. Patient-related variables, including demographic and laboratory and procedure-related information, were collected, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of HbA1c with AKI. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement index (NRI), and integrated discriminant improvement index (IDI) were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the model, and decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the HbA1c-added predictive model.ResultsA total of 3.3% of patients (94 of 2,785) developed AKI within 1 week after surgery. Pre-operative HbA1c was an independent predictor of AKI after adjustment for some clinical variables (OR comparing top to bottom quintiles 5.02, 95% CI, 1.90 to 13.24, P < 0.001 for trend; OR per percentage point increment in HbA1c 1.20, 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.33). Compared to the model with only clinical variables, the incorporation of HbA1c increased the model fit, modestly improved the discrimination (change in area under the curve from 0.7387 to 0.7543) and reclassification (continuous net reclassification improvement 0.2767, 95% CI, 0.0715 to 0.4818, improved integrated discrimination 0.0048, 95% CI, -5e-04 to 0.0101) of AKI and non-AKI cases, NRI for non-AKI improvement 0.3222, 95% CI, 0.2864 to 0.3580 and achieved a higher net benefit in decision curve analysis.ConclusionElevated pre-operative HbA1c was independently associated with post-operative AKI risk and provided predictive value in patients after non-cardiac surgery. HbA1c improved the predictive power of a logistic regression model based on traditional clinical risk factors for AKI. Further prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the results and clinical application.

Project description:Rationale & objectiveThe process of angiogenesis after kidney injury may determine recovery and long-term outcomes. We evaluated the association of angiogenesis markers with acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality after cardiac surgery.Study designProspective cohort.Setting & participants1,444 adults undergoing cardiac surgery in the TRIBE-AKI (Translational Research Investigating Biomarker Endpoints for Acute Kidney Injury) cohort.ExposuresPlasma concentrations of 2 proangiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGF] and placental growth factor [PGF]) and 1 antiangiogenic marker (soluble VEGF receptor 1 [VEGFR1]), measured pre- and postoperatively within 6 hours after surgery.OutcomesAKI, long AKI duration (≥7 days), and 1-year all-cause mortality.Analytical approachMultivariable logistic regression.ResultsFollowing cardiac surgery, plasma VEGF concentrations decreased 2-fold, and PGF and VEGFR1 concentrations increased 1.5- and 8-fold, respectively. There were no meaningful associations of preoperative concentrations of angiogenic markers with outcomes of AKI and mortality. Higher postoperative VEGF and PGF concentrations were independently associated with lower odds of AKI (adjusted ORs of 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.98] and 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55-0.87], respectively), long AKI duration (0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.87] and 0.48 [95% CI, 0.28-0.82], respectively), and mortality (0.74 [95% CI, 0.62-0.89] and 0.46 [95% CI, 0.31-0.68], respectively). In contrast, higher postoperative VEGFR1 concentrations were independently associated with higher odds of AKI (1.56; 95% CI, 1.31-1.87), long AKI duration (1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.82), and mortality (2.28; 95% CI, 1.61-3.22).LimitationsAngiogenesis markers were not measured after hospital discharge, so we were unable to determine long-term trajectories of angiogenesis marker levels during recovery and follow-up.ConclusionsHigher levels of postoperative proangiogenic markers, VEGF and PGF, were associated with lower AKI and mortality risk, whereas higher postoperative antiangiogenic VEGFR1 levels were associated with higher risk for AKI and mortality.

Project description:Objective: We aimed to: (1) explore the risk factors that affect the prognosis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) and (2) investigate the predictive value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS) for mortality risk in patients undergoing RRT. Methods: Data from patients who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2015 through February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to calculate the APACHE III score, SOFA score, and VIS on the first postoperative day and at the start of RRT. Various risk factors influencing the prognosis of the patients during treatment were evaluated; the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCROC) was used to measure the predictive ability of the three scores. Independent risk factors influencing mortality were analyzed using multivariable binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study, using 90-day survival as the end point. Of those patients, 36 patients survived, and 54 patients died; the mortality rate reached 60%. At the start of RRT, the AUCROC of the APACHE III score was 0.866 (95% CI: 0.795-0.937), the VIS was 0.796 (95% CI: 0.700-0.892), and the SOFA score was 0.732 (95% CI: 0.623-0.842). The AUCROC-value of the APACHE III score on the first postoperative day was 0.790 (95% CI: 0.694-0.885). After analyzing multiple factors, we obtained the final logistic regression model with five independent risk factors at the start of RRT: a high APACHE III score (OR: 1.228, 95% CI: 1.079-1.397), high VIS (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.021-1.290), low mean arterial pressure (MAP) (OR: 1.170, 95% CI: 1.050-1.303), high lactate value (OR: 1.552, 95% CI: 1.032-2.333), and long time from AKI to initiation of RRT (OR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.002-1.027). Conclusion: In this study, we showed that at the start of RRT, the APACHE III score and the VIS can accurately predict the risk of death in patients undergoing continuous RRT for CS-AKI. The APACHE III score on the first postoperative day allows early prediction of patient mortality risk. Predictors influencing patient mortality at the initiation of RRT were high APACHE III score, high VIS, low MAP, high lactate value, and long time from AKI to the start of RRT.

Dataset Information

Acute Kidney Injury and 3-Year Mortality in Elderly Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Acute Kidney Injury and 3-Year Mortality in Elderly Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets