Dataset Information

Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases among young children in Wuhan city, China.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The high risks for childhood respiratory diseases are associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. However, there are few studies that have explored the association between air pollution exposure and respiratory diseases among young children (particularly aged 0-2 years) based on the entire population in a megalopolis.

Methods

Daily hospital admission records were obtained from 54 municipal hospitals in Wuhan city, China. We included all children (aged 0-2 years) hospitalized with respiratory diseases between January 2017 and December 2018. Individual air pollution exposure assessment was used in Land Use Regression model and inverse distance weighted. Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models were adopted to estimate the hospitalization risk associated with air pollutants.

Results

We identified 62,425 hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases, of which 36,295 were pneumonia. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were significantly associated with respiratory diseases and pneumonia. ORs of pneumonia were 1.0179 (95% CI 1.0097-1.0260) for PM_2.5 and 1.0131 (95% CI 1.0042-1.0220) for NO₂ at lag 0-7 days. Subgroup analysis suggested that NO₂, Ozone (O₃) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) only showed effects on pneumonia hospitalizations on male patients, but PM_2.5 had effects on patients of both genders. Except O₃, all pollutants were strongly associated with pneumonia in cold season. In addition, children who aged elder months and who were in central urban areas had a higher hospitalization risk.

Conclusions

Air pollution is associated with higher hospitalization risk for respiratory diseases, especially pneumonia, among young children, and the risk is related to gender, month age, season and residential location.

SUBMITTER: Huang ZH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9042971 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases among young children in Wuhan city, China.

Huang Zeng-Hui ZH Liu Xing-Yuan XY Zhao Tong T Jiao Kui-Zhuang KZ Ma Xu-Xi XX Ren Zhan Z Qiu Yun-Fei YF Liao Jing-Ling JL Ma Lu L

World journal of pediatrics : WJP 20220325 5

<h4>Background</h4>The high risks for childhood respiratory diseases are associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. However, there are few studies that have explored the association between air pollution exposure and respiratory diseases among young children (particularly aged 0-2 years) based on the entire population in a megalopolis.<h4>Methods</h4>Daily hospital admission records were obtained from 54 municipal hospitals in Wuhan city, China. We included all children (aged 0-2 years) ...[more]

PMID: 35334045

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Project description:BackgroundMost existing studies have only investigated the direct effects of the built environment on respiratory diseases. However, there is mounting evidence that the built environment of cities has an indirect influence on public health via influencing air pollution. Exploring the "urban built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases" cascade mechanism is important for creating a healthy respiratory environment, which is the aim of this study.MethodsThe study gathered clinical data from 2015 to 2017 on patients with respiratory diseases from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan. Additionally, daily air pollution levels (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), and ozone (O3)), meteorological data (average temperature and relative humidity), and data on urban built environment were gathered. We used Spearman correlation to investigate the connection between air pollution and meteorological variables; distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to investigate the short-term relationships between respiratory diseases, air pollutants, and meteorological factors; the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in the built environment on air pollution were examined using the multiscale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR).ResultsDuring the study period, the mean level of respiratory diseases (average age 54) was 15.97 persons per day, of which 9.519 for males (average age 57) and 6.451 for females (average age 48); the 24 h mean levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and O3 were 78.056 μg/m3, 71.962 μg/m3, 54.468 μg/m3, 12.898 μg/m3, and 46.904 μg/m3, respectively; highest association was investigated between PM10 and SO2 (r = 0.762, p < 0.01), followed by NO2 and PM2.5 (r = 0.73, p < 0.01), and PM10 and PM2.5 (r = 0.704, p < 0.01). We observed a significant lag effect of NO2 on respiratory diseases, for lag 0 day and lag 1 day, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration corresponded to 1.009% (95% CI: 1.001, 1.017%) and 1.005% (95% CI: 1.001, 1.011%) increase of respiratory diseases. The spatial distribution of NO2 was significantly influenced by high-density urban development (population density, building density, number of shopping service facilities, and construction land, the bandwidth of these four factors are 43), while green space and parks can effectively reduce air pollution (R2 = 0.649).ConclusionPrevious studies have focused on the effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and the effects of built environment on air pollution, while this study combines these three aspects and explores the relationship between them. Furthermore, the theory of the "built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases" cascading mechanism is practically investigated and broken down into specific experimental steps, which has not been found in previous studies. Additionally, we observed a lag effect of NO2 on respiratory diseases and spatial heterogeneity of built environment in the distribution of NO2.

Dataset Information

Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases among young children in Wuhan city, China.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases among young children in Wuhan city, China.

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