Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review.

ABSTRACT: Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradation of N and P but also saves energy in chemical fertilizer production, which will contribute to carbon emission reduction of 12.19-17.82 kg kg_N ^-1 in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine coll

SUBMITTER: Yu C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9043190 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature