Dataset Information

A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection generally present with milder symptoms or are asymptomatic in comparison with adults, however severe disease occurs in a subset of children. To date, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 in young children have been poorly characterised.

Methods

We report the kinetics of immune responses in relation to clinical and virological features in an infant with acute severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine analysis.

Results

Systemic cellular and cytokine profiling show an initial increase in neutrophils and monocytes with depletion of lymphoid cell populations (particularly CD8 + T and NK cells) and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Expansion of memory CD4 + T (but not CD8 + T) cells occurred over time, with a predominant Th2 bias. Marked activation of T cell populations observed during the acute infection gradually resolved as the child recovered. Substantial in vitro activation of T-cell populations and robust cytokine production, in response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 stimulation, was observed 3 months after infection indicating durable, long-lived cellular immune memory.

Conclusions

These findings provide important insights into the immune response of a young infant with severe COVID-19 and will help to inform future research into therapeutic targets for high-risk groups.

SUBMITTER: Wurzel D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9053208 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19.

Wurzel Danielle D Neeland Melanie R MR Anderson Jeremy J Abo Yara-Natalie YN Do Lien Anh Ha LAH Donato Celeste M CM Bines Julie E JE Toh Zheng Quan ZQ Higgins Rachel A RA Jalali Sedi S Cole Theresa T Subbarao Kanta K McMinn Alissa A Dohle Kate K Haeusler Gabrielle M GM McNab Sarah S Alafaci Annette A Overmars Isabella I Clifford Vanessa V Lee Lai-Yang LY Daley Andrew J AJ Buttery Jim J Bryant Penelope A PA Burgner David D Steer Andrew A Tosif Shidan S Konstantinov Igor E IE Duke Trevor T Licciardi Paul V PV Pellicci Daniel G DG Crawford Nigel W NW

Communications medicine 20211115

<h4>Background</h4>Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection generally present with milder symptoms or are asymptomatic in comparison with adults, however severe disease occurs in a subset of children. To date, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 in young children have been poorly characterised.<h4>Methods</h4>We report the kinetics of immune responses in relation to clinical and virological features in an infant with acute severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry and multiplex cytoki ...[more]

PMID: 35602234

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Project description:BackgroundInterventricular septal hematoma is an extremely rare complication following congenital heart surgery. During cardiac surgery, interventricular septal hematomas can be detected only by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Here, we report an interesting case of interventricular septal hematoma that was accidentally found in an infant following ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.Case presentationTransesophageal echocardiography images were acquired from a 1-month-old boy after surgical repair of a large (6.5 mm) perimembranous outlet VSD with interventricular septal flattening. Surgical correction was performed with auto-pericardium and 7-0 Prolene sutures. The patient was successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, and transesophageal echocardiography showed no VSD leakage and good ventricular function. However, approximately 30 min later, two anechoic masses were found within the interventricular septum, which were suspected to be interventricular septal hematomas; the larger mass measured 1.51 [Formula: see text] 1.48 cm. The swollen interventricular septum showed decreased contractility and compressed both the right and left ventricles. However, there was no change in the size of hematomas or a significant hemodynamic instability for 30 min of observation. Therefore, expecting spontaneous resolution of the hematomas, the interventricular septum was not explored, and the patient was removed from cardiopulmonary bypass. On postoperative day 4, follow-up transthoracic echocardiography revealed thrombi filling the hematomas. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 15 and followed up with regular echocardiographic evaluations.ConclusionsWe describe a unique case of interventricular septal hematoma after VSD closure. Surgical manipulation of perimembranous VSD and injury of the septal perforating artery may contribute to the development of an interventricular septal hematoma. Moreover, conservative treatment and serial echocardiographic evaluation generally show gradual hematoma resolution in hemodynamically stable patients. Pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists should be aware of this rare complication after VSD repair.

Dataset Information

A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19.

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