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Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with tunable shell thickness for high-performance supercapacitors.

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCSs) are well prepared by using Cu₂O microspheres as a hard template and 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin polymer as carbon and nitrogen precursors. The thickness of the carbon shell can be easily controlled in the range of 15-84 nm by simply adjusting the weight ratios of the precursors to Cu₂O microspheres, and the Cu₂O templates can also be further reused. Physicochemical characterization demonstrates that the obtained NHCSs possess a well-developed hollow spherical structure, thin carbon shell and high nitrogen doping content. Due to these characteristics, when further utilized as electrodes for supercapacitors, the NHCSs with the carbon shell thickness of 15 nm show a high capacitance of 263.6 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1, an outstanding rate performance of 122 F g^-1 at 20 A g^-1 and an excellent long-term cycling stability with only 9.8% loss after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^-1 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. This finding may push forward the development of carbon materials, exhibiting huge potential for electrochemical energy storage applications.

SUBMITTER: Zhang D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9055434 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with tunable shell thickness for high-performance supercapacitors.

Zhang Dawei D Shen Shaodian S Xiao Xiuzhen X Mao Dongsen D Yan Baoman B

RSC advances 20200714 44

Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCSs) are well prepared by using Cu2O microspheres as a hard template and 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin polymer as carbon and nitrogen precursors. The thickness of the carbon shell can be easily controlled in the range of 15-84 nm by simply adjusting the weight ratios of the precursors to Cu2O microspheres, and the Cu2O templates can also be further reused. Physicochemical characterization demonstrates that the obtained N ...[more]

PMID: 35519743

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Project description:The energy storage performances of supercapacitors are expected to be enhanced by the use of nanostructured hierarchically micro/mesoporous hollow carbon materials based on their ultra-high specific surface areas and rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions through the interconnected channels of their mesoporous structures. In this work, we report the electrochemical supercapacitance properties of hollow carbon spheres prepared by high-temperature carbonization of self-assembled fullerene-ethylenediamine hollow spheres (FE-HS). FE-HS, having an average external diameter of 290 nm, an internal diameter of 65 nm, and a wall thickness of 225 nm, were prepared by using the dynamic liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (DLLIP) method at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. High temperature carbonization (at 700, 900, and 1100 °C) of the FE-HS yielded nanoporous (micro/mesoporous) hollow carbon spheres with large surface areas (612 to 1616 m2 g-1) and large pore volumes (0.925 to 1.346 cm3 g-1) dependent on the temperature applied. The sample obtained by carbonization of FE-HS at 900 °C (FE-HS_900) displayed optimum surface area and exhibited remarkable electrochemical electrical double-layer capacitance properties in aq. 1 M sulfuric acid due to its well-developed porosity, interconnected pore structure, and large surface area. For a three-electrode cell setup, a specific capacitance of 293 F g-1 at a 1 A g-1 current density, which is approximately 4 times greater than the specific capacitance of the starting material, FE-HS. The symmetric supercapacitor cell was assembled using FE-HS_900 and attained 164 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 with sustained 50% capacitance at 10 A g-1 accompanied by 96% cycle life and 98% coulombic efficiency after 10,000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. The results demonstrate the excellent potential of these fullerene assemblies in the fabrication of nanoporous carbon materials with the extensive surface areas required for high-performance energy storage supercapacitor applications.

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Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with tunable shell thickness for high-performance supercapacitors.

Publications

Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with tunable shell thickness for high-performance supercapacitors.

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