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Interesting phase behaviors and ion-conducting properties of dicationic N-alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salts.

ABSTRACT: A series of dicationic imidazolium bis(tetrafluoroborate) salts were newly synthesized, and their phase transition behaviors were correlated with thermal, scattering, optical and conductivity results. The bis-imidazolium salts having side-chain lengths of C₆-C₁₀ showed plastic crystal mesophases, while a liquid crystal mesophase was formed in the bis-imidazolium salts with long side-chains (C₁₁ and C₁₂). Soft plastic and liquid crystalline phases were also confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. For the bis-imidazolium salts exhibiting a plastic crystal mesophase, the ionic conductivity suddenly increased at the melting temperature. However, the bis-imidazolium salts with long side-chains showed a slope increase during the liquid crystal-liquid crystal transition.

SUBMITTER: Chae H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9060431 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interesting phase behaviors and ion-conducting properties of dicationic N-alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salts.

Chae Hyunho H Lee Yong-Hoon YH Yang Minyong M Yoon Won-Jin WJ Yoon Dong Ki DK Jeong Kwang-Un KU Song Yeon Hwa YH Choi U Hyek UH Lee Minjae M

RSC advances 20190129 7

A series of dicationic imidazolium bis(tetrafluoroborate) salts were newly synthesized, and their phase transition behaviors were correlated with thermal, scattering, optical and conductivity results. The bis-imidazolium salts having side-chain lengths of C6-C10 showed plastic crystal mesophases, while a liquid crystal mesophase was formed in the bis-imidazolium salts with long side-chains (C11 and C12). Soft plastic and liquid crystalline phases were ...[more]

PMID: 35518086

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Project description:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), including serotype O157:H7, cause severe food-borne illness. On route to the human colon, they encounter and resist, numerous anti-microbial ingestion stresses. We hypothesize that these stresses cue EHEC to alter virulence properties. This study investigated the impact of bile salts on virulence properties and examined the genetic basis of the phenotypes. Established assays were used to examine adhesion to human epithelial cells, motility, verotoxin (VT) production and antimicrobial resistance with/without bile salt stress. Bacteria treated for 90 minute in DMEM plus 0.15% (w/v) bile salt mix demonstrated significantly enhanced adhesion to epithelial cells and resistance to several antibiotics but did not increase motility or VT production. To determine the genetic basis of these phenotypes a microarray experiment was conducted. EHEC strain 86-24, in mid-log phase of growth, were grown in DMEM pH 7.4 (control), or DMEM plus bile salt mix (0.15% w/v), for 90 minutes, statically at 37˚C, 5% CO2 prior to harvesting RNA for the microarray study. Four biological replicates were produced for each treatment. Microarray and gene expression analysis (semi-quantitative RT-PCR and beta-galactosidase reporter assays) of bile salt-treated EHEC revealed significant up-regulation of genes for lipid A modification, fimbriae, an efflux pump, and a two-component regulatory system relative to the bacteria grown in DMEM alone. This work points to several mechanisms that EHEC employs to resist the stresses of the human small intestine, notably efflux, antimicrobial resistance, and outer membrane alterations. Bile salts enhanced the virulence-related properties of increased adhesion and resistance to antimicrobials but not VT production or motility. This research contributes to our understanding of how EHEC senses and responds to host environmental signals and the mechanisms this pathogen uses to successfully colonize and infect the human host.

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Interesting phase behaviors and ion-conducting properties of dicationic N-alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salts.

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Interesting phase behaviors and ion-conducting properties of dicationic <i>N</i>-alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salts.

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