Dataset Information

Mild NaCl Stress Influences Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Transcription in a Time-Dependent Manner and Reduces Protein Expression.

ABSTRACT: Enterotoxins (SEs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus are the cause of serious food intoxications. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) is one of the main contributors, as it is often highly expressed. S. aureus possesses a competitive growth advantage over accompanying bacterial flora under stress conditions encountered in foods, such as high NaCl concentrations. However, the influence of NaCl as an external stressor on SEC expression is still unclear. We investigated the influence of 4.5% NaCl on sec mRNA and SEC protein levels. A qRT-PCR assay revealed that NaCl stress leads to time-dependently decreased or elevated sec mRNA levels for most strains. SEC protein levels were generally decreased under NaCl stress. Our findings suggest that NaCl stress lowers overall SEC concentration and time-dependently affects sec mRNA levels.

SUBMITTER: Etter D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9062481 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mild NaCl Stress Influences Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Transcription in a Time-Dependent Manner and Reduces Protein Expression.

Etter Danai D Ukowitz Christina C Eicher Corinne C Tasara Taurai T Johler Sophia S

Frontiers in microbiology 20220418

Enterotoxins (SEs) produced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are the cause of serious food intoxications. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) is one of the main contributors, as it is often highly expressed. <i>S. aureus</i> possesses a competitive growth advantage over accompanying bacterial flora under stress conditions encountered in foods, such as high NaCl concentrations. However, the influence of NaCl as an external stressor on SEC expression is still unclear. We investigated the influence o ...[more]

PMID: 35516428

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Project description:The adult, mature central nervous system (CNS) has limited plasticity. Physical exercising can counteract this limitation by inducing plasticity and fostering processes such as learning, memory consolidation and formation. Little is known about the molecular factors that govern these mechanisms, and how they are connected with exercise. In this study, we used immunohistochemical and behavioral analyses to investigate how running wheel exercise affects expression of the neuronal plasticity-inhibiting protein Nogo-A in the rat cortex, and how it influences motor learning in vivo. Following one week of exercise, rats exhibited a decrease in Nogo-A levels, selectively in motor cortex layer 2/3, but not in layer 5. Nogo-A protein levels returned to baseline after two weeks of running wheel exercise. In a skilled motor task (forelimb-reaching), administration of Nogo-A function-blocking antibodies over the course of the first training week led to improved motor learning. By contrast, Nogo-A antibody application over two weeks of training resulted in impaired learning. Our findings imply a bimodal, time-dependent function of Nogo-A in exercise-induced neuronal plasticity: While an activity-induced suppression of the plasticity-inhibiting protein Nogo-A appears initially beneficial for enhanced motor learning, presumably by allowing greater plasticity in establishing novel synaptic connections, this process is not sustained throughout continued exercise. Instead, upregulation of Nogo-A over the course of the second week of running wheel exercise in rats implies that Nogo-A is required for consolidation of acquired motor skills during the delayed memory consolidation process, possibly by inhibiting ongoing neuronal morphological reorganization to stabilize established synaptic pathways. Our findings suggest that Nogo-A downregulation allows leaning to occur, i.e. opens a 'learning window', while its later upregulation stabilizes the learnt engrams. These findings underline the importance of appropriately timing of application of Nogo-A antibodies in future clinical trials that aim to foster memory performance while avoiding adverse effects.

Dataset Information

Mild NaCl Stress Influences Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Transcription in a Time-Dependent Manner and Reduces Protein Expression.

Publications

Mild NaCl Stress Influences Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Transcription in a Time-Dependent Manner and Reduces Protein Expression.

Similar Datasets

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