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Effects of spermine on liver barrier function, amino acid transporters, immune status, and apoptosis in piglets.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of spermine supplementation and its extended duration on amino acid transporters, immune status, barrier function, and apoptosis in the liver. Eighty piglets were randomly assigned to a group receiving either a diet supplemented with spermine (0.4 mmol kg^-1 of body weight) or a restricted nutrient intake supplemented with saline in pairs for 7 h, 3 days, 6 days, and 9 days. Regardless of treatment time, spermine increased the levels of amino acid transporters, immunoglobulin M, antimicrobial peptides, cellular immune components, anti-inflammatory cytokines, mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 and 3, Janus kinase 2, zonula occludens 1 and 2, occluding, claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-16 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels, whereas it decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-kappa B P65, eukaryotic IF4E-binding protein 1, myosin light chain kinase, Bax, and caspase-3 mRNA in the liver (P < 0.05). These effects were also found in cases of prolonged spermine intake (P < 0.05). Spermine can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, spermine may promote barrier function and improve amino acid transport, and can increase immune status and inhibit apoptosis in the liver.

SUBMITTER: Liu G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9063033 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of spermine on liver barrier function, amino acid transporters, immune status, and apoptosis in piglets.

Liu Guangmang G Zheng Jie J Cao Wei W Wu Xianjian X Jia Gang G Zhao Hua H Chen Xiaoling X Wu Caimei C Wang Jing J

RSC advances 20190409 20

This study investigated the effects of spermine supplementation and its extended duration on amino acid transporters, immune status, barrier function, and apoptosis in the liver. Eighty piglets were randomly assigned to a group receiving either a diet supplemented with spermine (0.4 mmol kg<sup>-1</sup> of body weight) or a restricted nutrient intake supplemented with saline in pairs for 7 h, 3 days, 6 days, and 9 days. Regardless of treatment time, spermine increased the levels of amino acid tr ...[more]

PMID: 35520224

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Project description:Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine. However, information is not available regarding the effects of spermine supplementation on gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in piglets. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effect of spermine administration on these parameters. The experiment was conducted on twenty 12 day-old suckling piglets, which were allocated either to the group fed basal formula milk (control group) or to that fed a basal formula milk that contained spermine (0.4 mmol kg-1 BW per day) for 3 days. Caecal and colonic digesta and ileal tissues were collected at the end of the three-day feeding experiment. The results were as follows: (1) supplementation with spermine increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) capacity by 27.84% and glutathione content by 18.68% in the ileum (P < 0.05). (2) Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), GST, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in ileum were increased in the spermine-supplemented group in contrast to those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The spermine-supplemented group increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (by 42.0%), ZO-2 (by 101.0%), occludin (by 84.0%), claudin 2 (by 98.0%), claudin 3 (by 121.0%), claudin 12 (by 47.0%), claudin 14 (by 68.0%) and claudin 16 (by 73.0%) mRNA levels in ileum relative to the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Supplementation with spermine increased ZO-2 and occludin mRNA levels in ileum by reducing myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (by 23.0%) mRNA level. (5) Spermine supplementation increased choline, glycerolphosphocholine, creatine and serine levels, and decrease alanine, glutamate, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, lactate, tyrosine levels in ileum (P < 0.05). (6) The population of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and total bacteria increased, but the number of Escherichia coli decreased in the caecal and colonic digesta after spermine supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary spermine supplementation promotes ileal health by enhancing antioxidant properties, improving ileal barrier function, modulating metabolic profiles, and maintaining large intestinal microbial homeostasis.

Project description:This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of benzoic acid, Bacillus coagulans and oregano oil combined supplementation on growth performance, immune status and intestinal barrier integrity of piglets. In a 26-d experiment, 25 piglets were randomly assigned to 5 treatments: 1) a basal diet, negative control (NC), 2) NC added with antibiotics, positive control (PC); 3) NC added with benzoic acid at 3,000 g/t and Bacillus coagulans at 400 g/t (AB); 4) NC added with benzoic acid at 3,000 g/t and oregano oil at 400 g/t (AO); 5) NC added with 3,000 g/t benzoic acid and Bacillus coagulans at 400 g/t and oregano oil at 400 g/t (ABO). On d 27, all piglets were euthanized to obtain jejunal mucosa to measure immune status and intestinal barrier integrity. Results showed that pigs fed AB diet increased the final body weight and average daily body weight gain and decreased the ratio of feed to gain compared with NC group (P < 0.05). Compared with NC group, AB, AO and ABO decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration and ABO decreased interleukin-1β concentration in serum and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). Compared with NC group, AB up-regulated mRNA expressions of sodium-glucose cotransporte1, claudin-1, occludin and mucin2 in jejunal mucosa and the populations of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus in cecal digesta (P < 0.05). Compared with NC group, ABO increased jejunal mucosal occludin mRNA abundance and Bifidobacterium population in cecal digesta, and decreased Escherichia coli population in cecal digesta (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AB and ABO increased Bacillus population in cecal digesta compared with PC group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary AB supplementation could improve growth performance and intestinal barrier integrity of piglets when fed antibiotic-free diets, which was possibly associated with the improvement of immune status and intestinal microflora. Dietary ABO supplementation is also beneficial to improve immune status and intestinal barrier integrity and microflora of piglets.

Dataset Information

Effects of spermine on liver barrier function, amino acid transporters, immune status, and apoptosis in piglets.

Publications

Effects of spermine on liver barrier function, amino acid transporters, immune status, and apoptosis in piglets.

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