Brain Cells Release Calreticulin That Attracts and Activates Microglia, and Inhibits Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Neurotoxicity.

ABSTRACT: Calreticulin is a chaperone, normally found in the endoplasmic reticulum, but can be released by macrophages into the extracellular medium. It is also found in cerebrospinal fluid bound to amyloid beta (Aβ). We investigated whether brain cells release calreticulin, and whether extracellular calreticulin had any effects on microglia and neurons relevant to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We found that microglia release nanomolar levels of calreticulin when inflammatory-activated with lipopolysaccharide, when endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced by tunicamycin, or when cell death was induced by staurosporine, and that neurons release calreticulin when crushed. Addition of nanomolar levels of extracellular calreticulin was found to chemoattract microglia, and activate microglia t

SUBMITTER: Reid KM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9065406 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature