Advanced heart failure: guideline-directed medical therapy, diuretics, inotropes, and palliative care.

ABSTRACT: Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality, hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life and a major burden for the healthcare system. The number of patients that progress to an advanced stage of HF is growing. Only a limited proportion of these patients can undergo heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory support. The purpose of this review is to summarize medical management of patients with advanced HF. First, evidence-based oral treatment must be implemented although it is often not tolerated. New therapeutic options may soon become possible for these patients. The second goal is to lessen the symptomatic burden through both decongestion and haemodynamic improvement. Some new treatments acting on cardiac function may fulfil both these needs. Inotropic agents acting through

SUBMITTER: Tomasoni D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9065830 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature