Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H₂ donor: a critical review.

ABSTRACT: This review sheds light on the catalytic valorisation of agroforestry biomass through levulinic acid and formic acid towards γ-valerolactone and other higher-value chemicals. γ-Valerolactone is produced by the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, which can be achieved through an internal hydrogen transfer reaction with formic acid in the presence of catalyst. By reviewing corresponding catalysts, the paper underlines the most efficient steps constituting an integrated sustainable process that eliminates the need for external H₂ sources while producing biofuels as an alternative energy source. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the role of catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, with special focus on heterogeneous catalysts. The authors highlighted the dual role of differen

SUBMITTER: Hijazi A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9073962 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature