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Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H₂ donor: a critical review.

ABSTRACT: This review sheds light on the catalytic valorisation of agroforestry biomass through levulinic acid and formic acid towards γ-valerolactone and other higher-value chemicals. γ-Valerolactone is produced by the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, which can be achieved through an internal hydrogen transfer reaction with formic acid in the presence of catalyst. By reviewing corresponding catalysts, the paper underlines the most efficient steps constituting an integrated sustainable process that eliminates the need for external H₂ sources while producing biofuels as an alternative energy source. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the role of catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, with special focus on heterogeneous catalysts. The authors highlighted the dual role of different catalysts by comparing their activity, morphology, electronic structure, synergetic relation between support and doped species, as well as their deactivation and recyclability. Acknowledging the need for green and sustainable H₂ production, the review extends to cover the role of photo catalysis in dissociating H₂-donor solvents for reducing levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone under mild temperatures. To wrap up, the critical discussion presented enables readers to hone their knowledge about different schools and emphasizes research gaps emerging from experimental work. The review concludes with a comprehensive table summarizing the recent catalysts reported between the years 2017-2021.

SUBMITTER: Hijazi A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9073962 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H<sub>2</sub> donor: a critical review.

Hijazi Ayman A Khalaf Nidal N Kwapinski Witold W Leahy J J JJ

RSC advances 20220506 22

This review sheds light on the catalytic valorisation of agroforestry biomass through levulinic acid and formic acid towards γ-valerolactone and other higher-value chemicals. γ-Valerolactone is produced by the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, which can be achieved through an internal hydrogen transfer reaction with formic acid in the presence of catalyst. By reviewing corresponding catalysts, the paper underlines the most efficient steps constituting an integrated sustainable process that elimin ...[more]

PMID: 35530384

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Project description:Zeolites with different structures (P1, sodalite, and X) were synthesized from coal fly ash by applying ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal and fusion-hydrothermal synthesis. Bimetallic catalysts, containing 5 wt.% Ni and 2.5 wt.% Cu, supported on the zeolites, were prepared by a post-synthesis incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS), and H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analyses. The XRPD results showed that crystalline Cu0 and NixCuy intermetallic nanoparticles were formed in the reduced catalysts. The presence of the intermetallic phase affected the reducibility of the nickel by shifting it to a lower temperature, as confirmed by the H2-TPR curves. Based on the Mössbauer spectroscopic results, it was established that the iron contamination of the coal fly ash zeolites (CFAZs) was distributed in ionic positions of the zeolite lattice and as a finely dispersed iron oxide phase on the external surface of the supports. The formation of the NiFe alloy, not detectable by XRPD, was also evidenced on the impregnated samples. The catalysts were studied in the upgrading of levulinic acid (LA), derived from lignocellulosic biomass, to γ-valerolactone (GVL), in a batch reactor under 30 bar H2 pressure at 150 and 200 °C, applying water as a solvent. The NiCu/SOD and NiCu/X catalysts showed total LA conversion and a high GVL yield (>75%) at a reaction temperature of 200 °C. It was found that the textural parameters of the catalysts have less influence on the catalytic activity, but rather the stable dispersion of metals during the reaction. The characterization of the spent catalyst found the rearrangement of the support structure. The high LA conversion and GVL yield can be attributed to the weak acidic character of the support and the moderate hydrogenation activity of the Ni-Cu sites with high dispersion.

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Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H₂ donor: a critical review.

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Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H<sub>2</sub> donor: a critical review.

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Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H2 donor: a critical review.

Publications

Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H<sub>2</sub> donor: a critical review.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Catalytic valorisation of biomass levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone using formic acid as a H₂ donor: a critical review.