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A novel method for total chlorine detection using machine learning with electrode arrays.

ABSTRACT: Chlorine is a common natural water disinfectant, but it reacts with ammonia's nitrogen to form chloramines, which affects the accuracy of free chlorine measurement. In this case, total chlorine can be used as an indicator to evaluate the content of the effective disinfectant. In this article, a novel method to detect total chlorine using an electrode array in water has been proposed. We made the total chlorine sensor and captured the cyclic voltammetry curve of the electrode at different concentrations of chlorine ammonia. Principal component analysis and a peak sampling method were used to extract cyclic voltammetry curves, and the total chlorine prediction model was established by support the vector machine and extreme learning machine. The results show that the best predicting power was achieved by support vector regression with principal component analysis (R ² = 0.9689). This study provides a simple method for determining total chlorine under certain conditions and likely can be adapted to monitor disinfection and water treatment processes as well.

SUBMITTER: Li Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9074044 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A novel method for total chlorine detection using machine learning with electrode arrays.

Li Zhe Z Huang Shunhao S Chen Juan J

RSC advances 20191024 59

Chlorine is a common natural water disinfectant, but it reacts with ammonia's nitrogen to form chloramines, which affects the accuracy of free chlorine measurement. In this case, total chlorine can be used as an indicator to evaluate the content of the effective disinfectant. In this article, a novel method to detect total chlorine using an electrode array in water has been proposed. We made the total chlorine sensor and captured the cyclic voltammetry curve of the electrode at different concent ...[more]

PMID: 35529969

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Project description:Neuronal activity in the highly organized networks of the central nervous system is the vital basis for various functional processes, such as perception, motor control, and cognition. Understanding interneuronal connectivity and how activity is regulated in the neuronal circuits is crucial for interpreting how the brain works. Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are particularly useful for studying the dynamics of neuronal network activity and their development as they allow for real-time, high-throughput measurements of neural activity. At present, the key challenge in the utilization of MEA data is the sheer complexity of the measured datasets. Available software offers semi-automated analysis for a fixed set of parameters that allow for the definition of spikes, bursts and network bursts. However, this analysis remains time-consuming, user-biased, and limited by pre-defined parameters. Here, we present autoMEA, software for machine learning-based automated burst detection in MEA datasets. We exemplify autoMEA efficacy on neuronal network activity of primary hippocampal neurons from wild-type mice monitored using 24-well multi-well MEA plates. To validate and benchmark the software, we showcase its application using wild-type neuronal networks and two different neuronal networks modeling neurodevelopmental disorders to assess network phenotype detection. Detection of network characteristics typically reported in literature, such as synchronicity and rhythmicity, could be accurately detected compared to manual analysis using the autoMEA software. Additionally, autoMEA could detect reverberations, a more complex burst dynamic present in hippocampal cultures. Furthermore, autoMEA burst detection was sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in the synchronicity and rhythmicity of networks modeling neurodevelopmental disorders as well as detecting changes in their network burst dynamics. Thus, we show that autoMEA reliably analyses neural networks measured with the multi-well MEA setup with the precision and accuracy compared to that of a human expert.

Dataset Information

A novel method for total chlorine detection using machine learning with electrode arrays.

Publications

A novel method for total chlorine detection using machine learning with electrode arrays.

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