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Hydrogel-matrix encapsulated Nitinol actuation with self-cooling mechanism.

ABSTRACT: Shape-memory Nitinol holds burgeoning promise as smart actuators due to its effective resilience, high energy density, and scalability for a myriad of mesoscale machines and robotic applications. However, the higher actuation temperature and prolonged cooling time for a cyclic response make Nitinol precarious and less appealing for commercial use. On the contrary, hydrogels belong to the three dimensional (3D) polymer family where the bulk of the matrix encapsulates water (≈80-90 wt%) constituting a compelling heat-trapping medium. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel self-cooling mechanism comprising a Hydrogel-matrix Encapsulated Nitinol Actuator (HENA) where the heat emitted due to the high temperature (200-400 °C) of Nitinol is trapped in the hydrogel-matrix, maintaining a surface temperature of 20-22 °C. For quantitative analysis, we performed control tests with the state-of-the-art Silicone Elastomer Nitinol Actuator (SENA) which maintained a three times or higher temperature profile (65-90 °C) than its HENA counterpart. HENA is able to entrap 85% heat for actuation of 200 cycles while SENA dissipates the same amount in the first cycle. For impending biomedical applications, HENA with a single Nitinol wire shows a bending displacement up to 45% of its length for trans-oral navigation purposes. A HENA soft robotic gripper with two Nitinol wires can carry delicate, low-melting-point food items (e.g. cheese, chocolate, tofu etc.) with different morphologies that weigh up to 450% of its own weight.

SUBMITTER: Sivaperuman Kalairaj M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9074078 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hydrogel-matrix encapsulated Nitinol actuation with self-cooling mechanism.

Sivaperuman Kalairaj Manivannan M Banerjee Hritwick H Lim Chwee Ming CM Chen Po-Yen PY Ren Hongliang H

RSC advances 20191025 59

Shape-memory Nitinol holds burgeoning promise as smart actuators due to its effective resilience, high energy density, and scalability for a myriad of mesoscale machines and robotic applications. However, the higher actuation temperature and prolonged cooling time for a cyclic response make Nitinol precarious and less appealing for commercial use. On the contrary, hydrogels belong to the three dimensional (3D) polymer family where the bulk of the matrix encapsulates water (≈80-90 wt%) constituti ...[more]

PMID: 35530000

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Project description:A central challenge in tissue engineering is obtaining a suitable cell type with a capable delivery vehicle to replace or repair damaged or diseased tissues with tissue mimics. Notably, for skeletal muscle tissue engineering, given the inadequate availability and regenerative capability of endogenous myogenic progenitor cells as well as the tumorigenic risks presented by the currently available pluri- and multipotent stem cells, seeking a safe regenerative cell source is urgently demanded. To conquer this problem, we previously established a novel reprogramming technology that can generate multipotent cells from dermal fibroblasts using a single protein, fibromodulin (FMOD). The yield FMOD-reprogrammed (FReP) cells exhibit exceeding myogenic capability without tumorigenic risk, making them a promising and safe cell source for skeletal muscle establishment. In addition to using the optimal cell for implantation, it is equally essential to maintain cellular localization and retention in the recipient tissue environment for critical-sized muscle tissue establishment. In this study, we demonstrate that the photopolymerizable methacrylated glycol chitosan (MeGC)/type I collagen (ColI)-hydrogel provides a desirable microenvironment for encapsulated FReP cell survival, spreading, extension, and formation of myotubes in the hydrogel three-dimensionally in vitro, without undesired osteogenic, chondrogenic, or tenogenic differentiation. Furthermore, gene profiling revealed a paired box 7 (PAX7) → myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) → myogenic determination 1 (MYOD1) → myogenin (MYOG) → myosin cassette elevation in the encapsulated FReP cells during myogenic differentiation, which is similar to that of the predominant driver of endogenous skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cells. These findings constitute the evidence that the FReP cell-MeGC/ColI-hydrogel construct is a promising tissue engineering mimic for skeletal muscle generation in vitro, and thus possesses the extraordinary potential for further in vivo validation.

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Hydrogel-matrix encapsulated Nitinol actuation with self-cooling mechanism.

Publications

Hydrogel-matrix encapsulated Nitinol actuation with self-cooling mechanism.

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