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Synthesis of rotenone loaded zein nano-formulation for plant protection against pathogenic microbes.

ABSTRACT: Rotenone (RN) is a naturally occurring isoflavone found in the root or rhizomes of fabaceae (a plant family), known for its insecticidal/pesticidal properties. Rotenone was loaded in zein nanoparticles (ZSC) by antisolvent precipitation method at room temperature. The synthesized nanoparticles showed self-assembled spherical nanostructures having 425.67 ± 7.02 and 471.33 ± 10.60 nm of hydrodynamic radii with -14.23 ± 0.21 and -17.64 ± 0.89 mV zeta potential for ZSC and RNZSC (rotenone loaded zein nanoparticles), respectively. The encapsulation of rotenone was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR and DSC studies. A significant encapsulation efficiency of 95.82 ± 0.038% and 5.99 ± 0.002% loading efficiency were determined by HPLC studies. Synthesized RNZSC showed excellent antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens- P. syringae and F. oxysporum. Our studies showed for the first time direct evidence of antimicrobial activity of rotenone against plant pathogens. A similar approach could be adopted for developing several new botanical based nano-formulations with their known insecticidal effect, to control certain plant diseases in an environment friendly and sustainable manner.

SUBMITTER: Bidyarani N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9076286 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synthesis of rotenone loaded zein nano-formulation for plant protection against pathogenic microbes.

Bidyarani Ngangom N Kumar Umesh U Kumar Umesh U

RSC advances 20191209 70

Rotenone (RN) is a naturally occurring isoflavone found in the root or rhizomes of fabaceae (a plant family), known for its insecticidal/pesticidal properties. Rotenone was loaded in zein nanoparticles (ZSC) by antisolvent precipitation method at room temperature. The synthesized nanoparticles showed self-assembled spherical nanostructures having 425.67 ± 7.02 and 471.33 ± 10.60 nm of hydrodynamic radii with -14.23 ± 0.21 and -17.64 ± 0.89 mV zeta potential for ZSC and RNZSC (rotenone loaded zei ...[more]

PMID: 35540079

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Project description:BackgroundParticulates incorporating DNA are promising vehicles for gene delivery, with the ability to protect DNA and provide for controlled, localized, and sustained release and transfection. Zein, a hydrophobic protein from corn, is biocompatible and has properties that make it a promising candidate material for particulate delivery, including its ability to form nanospheres through coacervation and its insolubility under physiological conditions, making it capable of sustained release of encapsulated compounds. Due to the promise of this natural biomaterial for drug delivery, the objective of this study was to formulate zein nanospheres encapsulating DNA as the therapeutic compound, and to characterize size, charge, sustained release, cell cytotoxicity and cellular internalization of these particles.ResultsZein nanospheres encapsulating DNA were fabricated using a coacervation technique, without the use of harsh solvents or temperatures, resulting in the preservation of DNA integrity and particles with diameters that ranged from 157.8 ± 3.9 nm to 396.8 ± 16.1 nm, depending on zein to DNA ratio. DNA encapsulation efficiencies were maximized to 65.3 ± 1.9% with a maximum loading of 6.1 ± 0.2 mg DNA/g zein. The spheres protected encapsulated DNA from DNase I degradation and exhibited sustained plasmid release for at least 7 days, with minimal burst during the initial phase of release. Zein/DNA nanospheres demonstrated robust biocompatibility, cellular association, and internalization.ConclusionsThis study represents the first report on the formation of zein particles encapsulating plasmid DNA, using simple fabrication techniques resulting in preservation of plasmid integrity and tunable sizes. DNA encapsulation efficiencies were maximized to acceptable levels at higher zein to DNA ratios, while loading was comparable to that of other hydrophilic compounds encapsulated in zein and that of DNA incorporated into PLGA nano- and microspheres. The hydrophobic nature of zein resulted in spheres capable of sustained release of plasmid DNA. Zein particles may be an excellent potential tool for the delivery of DNA with the ability to be fine-tuned for specific applications including oral gene delivery, intramuscular delivery, and in the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds.

Project description:Multifunctional drugs have shown great promise in biomedicine. Organisms with antimicrobial and anticancer activity in combination with antioxidant activity need further research. The Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf coasts were randomly sampled to find fungi with multifunctional activity. One hundred strains (98 fungi and 2 lichenized forms) were isolated from 15 locations. One-third of the isolates inhibited clinical bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi) and fungal pathogens (Talaromycets marneffei, Malassezia globose, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus) and four cancer cell lines (Hep G2 liver, A-549 lung, A-431skin, MCF 7 breast cancer). Bacterial and cancer inhibition was often accompanied by a high antioxidant activity, as indicated by the principal component analysis (PCA). PCA also indicated that fungal and bacterial pathogens appeared to be inhibited mostly by different marine fungal isolates. Strains with multifunctional activity were found more from the Rea Sea than from the Arabian Gulf coasts. The highest potential for multifunctional drugs were observed for Acremonium sp., Acrocalymma sp., Acrocalymma africana, Acrocalymma medicaginis (activity reported for the first time), Aspergillus sp. Cladosporium oxysporum, Emericellopsis alkaline, Microdochium sp., and Phomopsis glabrae. Lung, skin, and breast cancers were inhibited 85%–97% by Acremonium sp, while most of the isolates showed low inhibition (ca 20%). The highest antifungal activity was observed for Acremonium sp., Diaporthe hubeiensis, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Nannizia gypsea. One Acremonium sp. is of particular interest to offer a multifunctional drug; it displayed both antifungal and antibacterial activity combined with high antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging 97%). A. medicaginis displayed combined antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activity being of high interest. Several genera and some species included strains with both high and low biological activities pointing out the need to study several isolates to find the most efficient strains for biomedical applications.

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Synthesis of rotenone loaded zein nano-formulation for plant protection against pathogenic microbes.

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Synthesis of rotenone loaded zein nano-formulation for plant protection against pathogenic microbes.

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