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Eco-friendly polyethylene glycol (PEG-400): a green reaction medium for one-pot, four-component synthesis of novel asymmetrical bis-spirooxindole derivatives at room temperature.

ABSTRACT: PEG-400 has been used as a green and biodegradable polymeric solvent for the one-pot, two-step, multi-component synthesis of novel asymmetrical bis-spirooxindole derivatives by the reaction of N-alkyl isatin, isatin derivatives, alkylmalonates and C-H activated carbonyl compounds in the presence of K₂CO₃ at room temperature. Using this procedure, all the products were obtained in good to excellent yields.

SUBMITTER: Hasaninejad A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9077237 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Eco-friendly polyethylene glycol (PEG-400): a green reaction medium for one-pot, four-component synthesis of novel asymmetrical bis-spirooxindole derivatives at room temperature.

Hasaninejad Alireza A Beyrati Maryam M

RSC advances 20180109 4

PEG-400 has been used as a green and biodegradable polymeric solvent for the one-pot, two-step, multi-component synthesis of novel asymmetrical bis-spirooxindole derivatives by the reaction of N-alkyl isatin, isatin derivatives, alkylmalonates and C-H activated carbonyl compounds in the presence of K2CO3 at room temperature. Using this procedure, all the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. ...[more]

PMID: 35542580

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Project description:A small fraction of recipients who receive polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-containing COVID-19 mRNA-LNP vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax) develop hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) or anaphylaxis. A causal role of anti-PEG antibodies (Abs) has been proposed, but not yet been proven in humans.We used ELISA for serial measurements of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab (anti-S) and anti-PEG IgG/IgM Ab levels before and after the first and subsequent booster vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines in a total of 291 blood donors. The HSRs in 15 subjects were graded and correlated with anti-PEG IgG/IgM, just as the anti-S and anti-PEG Ab levels with each other. The impacts of gender, allergy, mastocytosis and use of cosmetics were also analyzed. Serial testing of two or more plasma samples showed substantial individual variation of anti-S Ab levels after repeated vaccinations, just as the levels of anti-PEG IgG and IgM, which were over baseline in 98-99 % of unvaccinated individuals. About 3-4 % of subjects in the strongly left-skewed distribution had 15-45-fold higher values than the median, referred to as anti-PEG Ab supercarriers. Both vaccines caused significant rises of anti-PEG IgG/IgM with >10-fold rises in about ∼10 % of Comirnaty, and all Spikevax recipients. The anti-PEG IgG and/or IgM levels in the 15 vaccine reactors (3 anaphylaxis) were significantly higher compared to nonreactors. Serial testing of plasma showed significant correlation between the booster injection-induced rises of anti-S and anti-PEG IgGs, suggesting coupled anti-S and anti-PEG immunogenicity.Conclusions: The small percentage of people who have extremelevels of anti-PEG Ab in their blood may be at increased risk for HSRs/anaphylaxis to PEGylated vaccines and other PEGylated injectables. This risk might be further increased by the anti-PEG immunogenicity of these vaccines. Screening for anti-PEG Ab "supercarriers" may help predicting reactors and thus preventing these adverse phenomena.

Dataset Information

Eco-friendly polyethylene glycol (PEG-400): a green reaction medium for one-pot, four-component synthesis of novel asymmetrical bis-spirooxindole derivatives at room temperature.

Publications

Eco-friendly polyethylene glycol (PEG-400): a green reaction medium for one-pot, four-component synthesis of novel asymmetrical bis-spirooxindole derivatives at room temperature.

Similar Datasets

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