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Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

ABSTRACT: Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles anchored over sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) and Nafion/Fe₃O₄-SGO composites were fabricated and applied as potential proton exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operated at high temperature and low humidity. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles bridge SGO and Nafion through electrostatic interaction/hydrogen bonding and increased the intrinsic thermal and mechanical stabilities of Nafion/Fe₃O₄-SGO composite membranes. Nafion/Fe₃O₄-SGO composite membranes increased the compactness of ionic domains and enhanced the water absorption and proton conductivity while restricting hydrogen permeability across the membranes. The proton conductivity of Nafion/Fe₃O₄-SGO (3 wt%) composite membrane at 120 °C under 20% relative humidity (RH) was 11.62 mS cm^-1, which is 4.74 fold higher than that of a pristine recast Nafion membrane. PEMFC containing the Nafion/Fe₃O₄-SGO composite membrane delivered a peak power density of 258.82 mW cm^-2 at a load current density of 640.73 mA cm^-2 while operating at 120 °C under 25% RH and ambient pressure. In contrast, under identical operating conditions, a peak power density of only 144.89 mW cm^-2 was achieved with the pristine recast Nafion membrane at a load current density of 431.36 mA cm^-2. Thus, Nafion/Fe₃O₄-SGO composite membranes can be used to address various critical problems associated with commercial Nafion membranes in PEMFC applications.

SUBMITTER: Vinothkannan M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9078422 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Vinothkannan Mohanraj M Kim Ae Rhan AR Gnana Kumar G G Yoo Dong Jin DJ

RSC advances 20180216 14

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles anchored over sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) and Nafion/Fe3O4-SGO composites were fabricated and applied as potential proton exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operated at high temperature and low humidity. Fe3O4 nanoparticles bridge SGO and Nafion through electrostatic interaction/hydrogen bonding and increased the intrinsic thermal and mechanical stabilities of Na ...[more]

PMID: 35539095

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Project description:This work deals with the development of graphene oxide (GO)-based self-assembling membranes as possible innovative proton conductors to be used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Nowadays, the most adopted electrolyte is Chemours' Nafion; however, it reveals significant deficiencies such as strong dehydration at high temperature and low humidity, which drastically reduces its proton conductivity. The presence of oxygenated moieties in the GO framework makes it suitable for functionalization, which is required to enhance the promising, but insufficient, proton-carrying features of GO. In this study, sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) that should favor proton transport were introduced in the membrane structure via a reaction between GO and concentrated sulfuric acid. Six acid-to-GO molar ratios were adopted in the synthesis procedure, giving rise to final products with different sulfonation degrees. All the prepared samples were characterized by means of TGA, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, temperature-dependent XRD, SEM and EDX, which pointed out morphological and microstructural changes resulting from the functionalization stage, confirming its effectiveness. Regarding functional features, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as measurements of ion exchange capacity (IEC) were carried out to describe the behavior of the various samples, with pristine GO and commercial Nafion® 212 used as reference. EIS tests were performed at five different temperatures (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C) under high (95%) and medium (42%) relative humidity conditions. Compared to both GO and Nafion® 212, the sulfonated specimens demonstrate an increase in the number of ion-carrying groups, as proved by both IEC and EIS tests, which reveal the enhanced proton conductivity of these novel membranes. Specifically, an acid-to-GO molar ratio of 10 produces a six-fold improvement of IEC (4.23 meq g-1) with respect to pure GO (0.76 meq g-1), while a maximum eight-fold improvement (5.72 meq g-1) is achieved in SGO-15.

Dataset Information

Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Publications

Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

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