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Broadening the pore size of coal-based activated carbon via a washing-free chem-physical activation method for high-capacity dye adsorption.

ABSTRACT: Aiming to overcome the limitations of the narrow pore size distributions of traditional activated carbon materials and to achieve wide adaptabilities towards large molecules adsorption, we herein demonstrate a new type of activated carbon with a broadened pore size distribution for high-rate and high-capacity aqueous dye molecule (Rhodamine B) adsorption. The preparation of CP-AC is achieved by a facile and one-step mineral-assisted chem-physical activation strategy from Chinese large-reserve Zhundong coal with ZnCl₂ and CO₂ as the activation agents. The method yields the activated carbon (CP-AC) that has a pore-size broadened hierarchical pore configuration with a high surface area and a large pore volume, favorably enabling a high-capacity Rhodamine B adsorption up to 881 mg g^-1, which is among the highest levels of the reported activated carbons. A sonication-assisted adsorption test further demonstrates the high-rate adsorption capability of CP-AC with Rhodamine B adsorption capacity up to 842 mg g^-1 within 30 min (96% of the saturation capacity) while microporous activated carbon obtained by solely ZnCl₂ activation could just achieve a capacity of 374 mg g^-1 within 30 min. In virtue of the low-cost resource materials and washing-free craft, this work offers a simple and green preparation strategy towards high-performance coal based activated carbons, holding great potentials for the industrial production and applications.

SUBMITTER: Li L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9079918 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Broadening the pore size of coal-based activated carbon <i>via</i> a washing-free chem-physical activation method for high-capacity dye adsorption.

Li Longxin L Sun Fei F Gao Jihui J Wang Lijie L Pi Xinxin X Zhao Guangbo G

RSC advances 20180418 26

Aiming to overcome the limitations of the narrow pore size distributions of traditional activated carbon materials and to achieve wide adaptabilities towards large molecules adsorption, we herein demonstrate a new type of activated carbon with a broadened pore size distribution for high-rate and high-capacity aqueous dye molecule (Rhodamine B) adsorption. The preparation of CP-AC is achieved by a facile and one-step mineral-assisted chem-physical activation strategy from Chinese large-reserve Zh ...[more]

PMID: 35540785

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Project description:The mechanisms of CO2/CH4 adsorption in coal are the theoretical foundation for CO2 sequestration in coal seams targeted for enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Herein, by changing the model (low rank coal: WMC, middle rank coal: XM and high rank coal: CZ) with plenty of side aliphatic chains and functional groups established in the literature, the influence and mechanism of pore parameters and functional groups(-CH3, -OH, -C2O, -C=O) on the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 in different rank coals are systematically studied. Using the Connolly surface algorithm to calculate the pore volume (V F) and the specific surface area (S SA) of coal with different functional groups, it can be seen that the influence of the functional group change on the pore structure is related to the coal rank. Changing the various functional groups in the original coal structure to a unified functional group (-CH3, -OH, -C2O, or -C=O) will increase the accessible pore volume (V F) and the specific surface area (S SA), except in low-rank and middle-rank coal, where the ordered arrangement of -C=O will decrease V F and S SA. The adsorption capacities of different pore parameters and functional groups were calculated by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation and density functional theory. On pure adsorption, the pore parameters exert greater influence than the functional groups. By comparing the adsorption energy of the original pore structure containing functional groups and that of modified pores without functional groups, the contributions of the pore structure and original functional groups on CO2/CH4 adsorption are 71 and 29% and 83 and 17%, respectively. Small-diameter pores and -C2O have a strong adsorption capacity. In terms of competitive adsorption, the -C=O functional groups and pore diameters ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 nm can significantly enhance the selectivity of CO2 over CH4. The CH4 and CO2 adsorption does not occur via rigorous monolayer adsorption; multilayer adsorption can occur for CH4 and CO2 with pore diameters of 1.0-2.0 and 1.0-2.2 nm, respectively, thus causing micropore filling. These quantitative results establish a foundation for the development of adsorption theory for CO2/CH4 in coal.

Project description:When clothes are worn and washed, they emit fibres into the ecosystem via discharges of sewage that have been linked to the global dispersion of clothing fibres. Facilities that treat sewage divert some fibres from sewage effluent to sludge, but no current methods of filtration eliminate their environmental release. While filters for washing-machines are sold to consumers with the argument they will reduce the emissions of fibres from clothes to the environment, there is insufficient scientific peer-reviewed evidence assessing their ability to retain fibres from washed clothes and reduce environmental contamination. To improve our understanding and develop more realistic methods to assess the efficiency of filters, we washed replicate cotton and polyester garments in replicate domestic front-loaded washing-machines with and without replicate filters (micro- and milli-meter-sized pores), and then quantified the masses of the fibres retained by the filters and those released in the effluent. Here we show micrometer-sized filters significantly reduced the mass of cotton by 67% (F2,6 = 11.69, P<0.01) compared to effluent from appliances with no filters, whilst filters in general reduced polyester fibres in their effluent by more than 65% (micrometer-sized pores) and 74% (millimeter-sized pores) compared to effluent from appliances with no filters (F2,12 = 5.20, P<0.05). While filters with micrometer-sized pores caught larger masses and total proportions of fibres than filters with millimeter-sized pores, the differences were only significant for the total proportions of cotton (t = 4.799 df = 4, P<0.01). For tests with garments of either types of polymer, the filtered effluent still contained up to a third of the original masses of fibres released from the garments. Given the diversity of clothes, polymers, appliances and filters currently sold to consumers, our work shows the value of increasing the rigour (e.g. more levels of replication) when testing filters and the need for further studies that test an even greater diversity of materials and methods in order to meet the growing demand for knowledge from governments, industry and the public.

Dataset Information

Broadening the pore size of coal-based activated carbon via a washing-free chem-physical activation method for high-capacity dye adsorption.

Publications

Broadening the pore size of coal-based activated carbon <i>via</i> a washing-free chem-physical activation method for high-capacity dye adsorption.

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