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Quaternary Ammonium Ion-Tethered (Ambient-Temperature) HDDA Reactions.


ABSTRACT: The hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction converts a 1,3-diyne bearing a tethered alkyne (the diynophile) into bicyclic benzyne intermediates upon thermal activation. With only a few exceptions, this unimolecular cycloisomerization requires, depending on the nature of the atoms connecting the diyne and diynophile, reaction temperatures of ca. 80-130 °C to achieve a convenient half-life (e.g., 1-10 h) for the reaction. In this report, we divulge a new variant of the HDDA process in which the tether contains a central, quaternized nitrogen atom. This construct significantly lowers the activation barrier for the HDDA cycloisomerization to the benzyne. Moreover, many of the ammonium ion-based, alkyne-containing substrates can be spontaneously assembled, cyclized to benzyne, and trapped in a single-vessel, ambient-temperature operation. DFT calculations provide insights into the origin of the enhanced rate of benzyne formation.

SUBMITTER: Zhu C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9081259 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quaternary Ammonium Ion-Tethered (Ambient-Temperature) HDDA Reactions.

Zhu Chenlong C   Hoye Thomas R TR  

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20220420 17


The hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction converts a 1,3-diyne bearing a tethered alkyne (the diynophile) into bicyclic benzyne intermediates upon thermal activation. With only a few exceptions, this unimolecular cycloisomerization requires, depending on the nature of the atoms connecting the diyne and diynophile, reaction temperatures of <i>ca.</i> 80-130 °C to achieve a convenient half-life (<i>e.g.</i>, 1-10 h) for the reaction. In this report, we divulge a new variant of the HDDA process i  ...[more]

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