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Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination.

ABSTRACT: Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are important to protect against infection and/or disease. Using an assay to detect antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike, we identified individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection after an outbreak at a local health institution. All but one COVID-19 patient developed detectable anti-RBD antibodies and 77% had virus neutralizing antibody titers of >1:25. Antibody levels declined slightly over time. However, we still detected virus neutralizing antibody titers in 64% of the COVID-19 patients at >300 days after infection, demonstrating durability of neutralizing antibody levels after infection. Importantly, full COVID-19 vaccination of these individuals resulted in higher antibody titers compared to fully vaccinated individuals in the absence of prior infection. These data demonstrate long-lived antibody-mediated immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a clear benefit of two vaccine doses for recovered individuals.

SUBMITTER: Urlaub D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9087412 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination.

Urlaub Doris D Wolfsdorff Natalie N Hoffmann Jan-Erik JE Dorok Stefanie S Hoffmann Markus M Anft Moritz M Pieris Naomi N Günther Patrick P Schaaf Bernhard B Cassens Uwe U Bröde Peter P Claus Maren M Picard Lea K LK Wingert Sabine S Backes Simone S Durak Deniz D Babel Nina N Pöhlmann Stefan S Renken Frank F Raunser Stefan S Watzl Carsten C

European journal of immunology 20220314 5

Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are important to protect against infection and/or disease. Using an assay to detect antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike, we identified individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection after an outbreak at a local health institution. All but one COVID-19 patient developed detectable anti-RBD antibodies and 77% had virus neutralizing antibody titers of >1:25. Antibody levels declined slightly over time. However, we still ...[more]

PMID: 35247269

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Project description:ImportanceLong-term effect of parental COVID-19 infection vs vaccination on human milk antibody composition and functional activity remains unclear.ObjectiveTo compare temporal IgA and IgG response in human milk and microneutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 between lactating parents with infection and vaccinated lactating parents out to 90 days after infection or vaccination.Design, setting, and participantsConvenience sampling observational cohort (recruited July to December 2020) of lactating parents with infection with human milk samples collected at days 0 (within 14 days of diagnosis), 3, 7, 10, 28, and 90. The observational cohort included vaccinated lactating parents with human milk collected prevaccination, 18 days after the first dose, and 18 and 90 days after the second dose.ExposuresCOVID-19 infection diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction within 14 days of consent or receipt of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273).Main outcomes and measuresHuman milk anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain IgA and IgG and microneutralization activity against live SARS-CoV-2 virus.ResultsOf 77 individuals, 47 (61.0%) were in the infection group (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [4.4] years), and 30 (39.0%) were in the vaccinated group (mean [SD] age, 33.0 [3.4] years; P = .002). The mean (SD) age of infants in the infection and vaccinated group were 3.1 (2.2) months and 7.5 (5.2) months, respectively (P < .001). Infection was associated with a variable human milk IgA and IgG receptor-binding domain-specific antibody response over time that was classified into different temporal patterns: upward trend and level trend (33 of 45 participants [73%]) and low/no response (12 of 45 participants [27%]). Infection was associated with a robust and quick IgA response in human milk that was stable out to 90 days after diagnosis. Vaccination was associated with a more uniform IgG-dominant response with concentrations increasing after each vaccine dose and beginning to decline by 90 days after the second dose. Vaccination was associated with increased human milk IgA after the first dose only (mean [SD] increase, 31.5 [32.6] antibody units). Human milk collected after infection and vaccination exhibited microneutralization activity. Microneutralization activity increased throughout time in the vaccine group only (median [IQR], 2.2 [0] before vaccine vs 10 [4.0] after the first dose; P = .003) but was higher in the infection group (median [IQR], 20 [67] at day 28) vs the vaccination group after the first-dose human milk samples (P = .002). Both IgA and non-IgA (IgG-containing) fractions of human milk from both participants with infection and those who were vaccinated exhibited microneutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of a convenience sample of lactating parents, the pattern of IgA and IgG antibodies in human milk differed between COVID-19 infection vs mRNA vaccination out to 90 days. While infection was associated with a highly variable IgA-dominant response and vaccination was associated with an IgG-dominant response, both were associated with having human milk that exhibited neutralization activity against live SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Dataset Information

Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination.

Publications

Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination.

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