The Dynamic Feature of Macrophage M1/M2 Imbalance Facilitates the Progression of Non-Traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

ABSTRACT: Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) remains a common refractory disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Macrophage M1/M2 imbalance and chronic inflammatory microenvironment have been suggested to be closely related to osteonecrosis. Here we describe direct visual evidence for the involvement of dynamic changes in macrophages and the chronic inflammatory microenvironment in human NONFH. Osteonecrosis induces inflammatory responses and macrophage enrichment in the reparative area, and the number of inflammatory cells and macrophages falls during progressive-to end-stage NONFH. Multiplex immunohistochemistry demonstrated that macrophage M1/M2 ratio increased from 3 to 10 during progressive-to end-stage. During the progressive-stage, new blood vessels formed in the rep

SUBMITTER: Tan Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9094367 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature