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Creating memories: molecular mechanisms of CRISPR adaptation.

ABSTRACT: Prokaryotes use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins as an adaptive immune system. CRISPR-Cas systems preserve molecular memories of infections by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids as spacers into the host CRISPR array in a process termed 'adaptation'. Functional spacers ensure a robust immune response by Cas effectors, which neutralizes subsequent infection through RNA-guided interference pathways. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries that have advanced our understanding of adaptation, with a focus on how functional spacers are generated and incorporated through many widespread, but type-specific, mechanisms. Finally, we highlight future directions and outstanding questions for a more thorough understanding of CRISPR adaptation.

SUBMITTER: Lee H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9106905 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Creating memories: molecular mechanisms of CRISPR adaptation.

Lee Hayun H Sashital Dipali G DG

Trends in biochemical sciences 20220228 6

Prokaryotes use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins as an adaptive immune system. CRISPR-Cas systems preserve molecular memories of infections by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids as spacers into the host CRISPR array in a process termed 'adaptation'. Functional spacers ensure a robust immune response by Cas effectors, which neutralizes subsequent infection through RNA-guided interference pathways. In this revi ...[more]

PMID: 35236570

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