Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Penile cancer (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, and the patients at advanced stages have currently limited treatment options with disappointing results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are currently changing the treatment of several tumors. Furthermore, the microsatellite instability (MSI) and the deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) proteins represent predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint therapy. Until present, few data have been reported related to PD-L1 expression and MSI in PC. The main aim of our study was the evaluation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in immune cells and the analysis of dMMR/MSI status in a large serie

SUBMITTER: Montella M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9113025 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature