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On virus and nanomaterials - Lessons learned from the innate immune system - ACE activation in the invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus.

ABSTRACT: Current human research on COVID-19 - SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus) showed that ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) is a functional receptor to which the spike proteins attach. Invertebrates have been exposed to a wide array of threats for millennia and their immune system has evolved to deal with these efficiently. The annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, a standard ecotoxicological species, is an invertebrate species where extensive mechanisms of response studies are available, covering all levels from gene to population responses. Nanomaterials (NMs) are often perceived as invaders (e.g. virus) and can enter the cell covered by a corona, triggering similar responses. We created a database on E. crypticus ACE gene expression, aiming to analyse the potential knowledge transfer between invertebrates and vertebrates. Total exposure experiments sum 87 stress conditions for 18 different nanomaterials (NMs). ACE expression following TiO₂ NM exposure was clearly different from other NMs showing a clear (6-7 fold) ACE down-regulation, not observed for any other NMs. Other NMs, notably Ag NMs, and to some extent Cu NMs, caused ACE up-regulation (up to 4 fold). The extensive knowledge from response to NMs can support the immuno-research community, especially to develop therapies for virus that trigger the innate immune system.

SUBMITTER: Amorim MJB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9116975 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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On virus and nanomaterials - Lessons learned from the innate immune system - ACE activation in the invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus.

Amorim M J B MJB Gomes S I L SIL Bicho R C S RCS Scott-Fordsmand J J JJ

Journal of hazardous materials 20220518

Current human research on COVID-19 - SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus) showed that ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) is a functional receptor to which the spike proteins attach. Invertebrates have been exposed to a wide array of threats for millennia and their immune system has evolved to deal with these efficiently. The annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, a standard ecotoxicological species, is an invertebrate species where extensive mechanisms of response studies are ...[more]

PMID: 35739709

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Project description:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) continue to cause environmental challenges due to their release in the environment by a great variety of anthropogenic activities and their accumulation in soil ecosystems. Here we studied the toxicological effect of the model PAH phenanthrene (Phe) on the soil invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus at the individual, tissue and molecular level. Organisms were exposed to Phe for 2 and 21 days to the (previously estimated) EC10 and EC50 (population reproduction over 3 weeks). Gene expression profiling did not reveal a typical Phe-induced biotransfor-mation signature, as it usually does in arthropods and vertebrates. Instead, we observed only general metabolic processes to be affected after 2 days of exposure, such as translation and ATP synthesis-coupled electron transport. Histological sections of tissues of 2-day exposed animals did not show any deviations from the control situation. In contrast, prolonged exposure up to 21 days showed histopathological effects: chloragogenous cells were highly vacuolated and hypertrophic. This was corroborated by differential expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress at the transcriptomic level. The data exemplify the complexity and species-specific features of PAH toxicity among soil invertebrate communities, which restricts read-across and extrapolation in the context of soil ecological risk assessment. The data presented in our manuscript is an exposure experiment where E. cryticus is exposed to phenanthrene EC10 and EC50 on reproduction for 2 and 21 days. A single channel, interwoven loop design was used to test animals. 4 biological replicates per condition were used containing 25 grams of soil and 5 - 7, adult old animals per replicate. The platform is a 4*180k Agilent platform containing some 86k E. crypticus probes in duplicate. However, only a subset of the probes (23k) was used for the analysis. To see which probes were used in the analysis see the raw data files control type column, only probes which are denoted with a 0 were used.

Dataset Information

On virus and nanomaterials - Lessons learned from the innate immune system - ACE activation in the invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus.

Publications

On virus and nanomaterials - Lessons learned from the innate immune system - ACE activation in the invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus.

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